Operating System Services and Concepts

Flashcards covering the main services, interfaces, and management functions of an operating system based on the lecture material.

Command Line Interface (CLI)

A user interface that deals with using text commands and a technique for entering those commands, for example, Windows Command Prompt (cmd), Linux Terminals (bash, zsh), and PowerShell.

Batch interface (BI)

A type of interface where commands and directives are managed in files, such as Windows Batch Files (.bat) and Linux Shell scripts (.sh), which are سپس executed.

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

A window system that utilizes a pointing device like a mouse or trackball to interact with menus and lists, as seen in Windows OS, mac OS, Linux (Ubuntu GNOME, KDE), and Android OS.

Program Execution

The OS capability to load a program into $RAM$, assign CPU time, and manage the execution, including normal or abnormal termination.

Process Synchronization

A mechanism provided by the operating system during program execution to coordinate multiple processes.

File system manipulation

The management of a collection of related information stored on secondary storage, involving directory organization, file creation, deletion, and permission management.

Input/Output Operations

A service where the OS manages communication between users and device drivers, hiding hardware details while providing functions for read or write operations.

Communication

The exchange of information between processes using methods such as Shared Memory or Message Passing, occurring on one computer or across a network.

Resource Allocation

The responsibility of the OS to distribute hardware components like the CPU, main memory, and tape drives to multiple jobs using scheduling algorithms.

Error Detection

The OS function of constantly monitoring the system for hardware or software issues, such as bad sectors on a hard disk or memory overflow, to ensure consistent computing.

Accounting

The OS service that tracks which resources are accessed by each process or user to enhance system performance and ensure fairness in multitasking.

Security and protection

The controlled access to system resources and the isolation of processes from one another, often requiring user authentication to ensure system integrity.

Process

An active instance of a computer program that includes the code, associated data, and the current status of its execution by the system.

Secondary storage

Long-term storage media for files, examples of which include magnetic tape, magnetic disk, and optical disk drives such as CD and DVD.

Deadlock handling

A management mechanism provided by the operating system to address situations where two or more processes are unable to proceed.