NUTRITION (DEFINITION AND TERMS)

Nutrition

The study of food and how the body utilizes it for growth and renewal of body functions.

Nutrients

Chemical substances in food classified by function, chemical properties, essentiality, and concentration.

Reasons for Applying Nutritional Science to Nursing Care

Recognition of nutrition in disease prevention, adapting food patterns to individual needs, and modifying nutrition for therapeutic purposes in specific diseases.

Digestion

The process of breaking down food into substances like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and vitamins for body functions.

Digestive System

Comprised of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder, with hollow organs like the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.

Mouth

Where digestion begins, food is chewed, mixed with saliva, and broken down for absorption.

Throat

• “Pharynx“

Transfers food to the esophagus, warms, moistens, and filters air before moving food to the trachea.

Esophagus

Muscular tube from the pharynx to the stomach, moving food through peristalsis.

Stomach

A sac-like organ that holds, mixes, grinds food, secretes acid and enzymes for digestion.

Small Intestine

A 20 feet long tube in the abdomen with three parts: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, for nutrient absorption.

Pancreas

Secretes enzymes into the small intestine to break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.

Liver

Produces bile for digestion, absorbs nutrients, and purifies blood from the small intestine.

Gallbladder

A pear-shaped reservoir under the liver.

Large Intestine

Colon with parts like cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon, for water absorption from stool.

Rectum

8 inch chamber connecting colon and anus, holding stool until defecation.

Anus

End of the digestive tract with pelvic floor muscles and anal sphincters.

1. function

2. chemical properties

3. essentiality

4. concentration

nutrients can be classified according to?

food

is taken and digested that nourishes the body

1. cell membrane

2. cytoplasm

3. organelles

4. endoplasmic reticulum

5. ribosomes

6. golgi apparatus

7. mitochondria

8. lysosomes

9. centrioles

10. cilia and flagella

11. nucleus

what are the composition of cells?