Week 3: Normal Infant Development 7 – 12 Months

7-9 Months: What two things are 7-9 month old infants now using to explore?

Vision and hand-object manipulation

7-9 Months: True/ False Fingers and objects are brought to the mouth less

False.

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Fingers are objects are brought to the mouth more. Because of teething!

7-9 Months: What area has the baby improved in that allows it to move more freely to reach for toys/objects while also moving the oral-facial structures more with movement?

postural support and control (head, neck, shoulder girdle, trunk, pelvis)

7-9 Months: True/False Babies can only play with one hand.

False

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Baby can sit and play with objects with both hands

7-9 Months: What are common and favorite play activities?

Shaking, banging, tapping

7-9 Months: How are babies using their hand control?

They are transferring objects from one hand to another, grasping/palming/raking at objects.

7-9 Months: What two things are babies beginning to navigate at this age?

Gravity and equilibrium

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7-9 Months: If a baby leans to one side while sitting to grab a toy, what happens?

They can right themselves back to midline without falling over

7-9 Months: What do 9-month olds begin to grab at? Why?

Caregiver’s leg (especially if caregiver is sitting dow with baby)

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To pull itself upwards

7-9 Months: What kind of movement is happening a lot?

trunk rotational movement!

7-9 Months: What does trunk rotational movement help with?

it assists and facilitates structure

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\-diaphragm, rib cage, shoulder girdle, sternum, neck

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more coordinated, mature, complex, purposeful, functional

7-9 Months: Which way does the rib cage and diaphragm go towards?

downward (gravity)

7-9 Months: Is belly breathing increasing or decreasing?

Decreasing because the rib cage is expanding and contracting with inhalation and exhalation

7-9 Months: True/False You see less in-out movements of the abdomen and more up/down and in/out movements where the ribcage is laterally.

True

8-9 Months: True/False: Crawling may begin

True

7-9 Months: Where is baby sitting to eat? In what position?

Highchair, straight back 90 degrees angle (not semi-reclined!!!)

7-9 Months: True/False Caregiver does most of the food swiping on the upper gums and lips

False

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Baby’s upper lip is more actively used to swipe/remove the food from the spoon

7-9 Months: True/False New textures are being introduced

True

7-9 Months: What pattern is baby removing food from the spoon with? Think of the baby’s future’s chewing development

up/down diagonal- rotatory jaw patten

7-9 Months: What pattern is the baby’s tongue moving in with? Think of the baby’s future’s chewing development

bilateral lingual lateralization

7-9 Months: What types of biscuit/bookies/crackers are the baby introduced to?

teething biscuits/cookies/crackers

7-9 Months: How does the baby eat a cookie?

The baby holds the cookie in between its gums and the feeder/caregiver assists the baby with breaking off a piece

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(this cookie must be dissolvable/meltable)

7-9 Months: True/False

A 7- month old holds a quieter oral pattern, with more jaw stability. He/she will hold the cookie in its gums/mouth/with the lips and wait for the feeder to assist with breaking off a piece.

A 9-month old will lick and suck on the cookie with a gross movement of the oral structures (ex. Slobbering on it!).

False, the opposite

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A 7- month old will lick and suck on the cookie with a gross movement of the oral structures (ex. Slobbering on it!).

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A 9-month old holds a quieter oral pattern, with more jaw stability. He/she will hold the cookie in its gums/mouth/with the lips and wait for the feeder to assist with breaking off a piece.

8-9 Months: What type of feeding begins?

Self feeding (a lot of food will miss the mouth and end on the floor and baby’s lap)

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Assisted feeding (baby tried to grab the spoon to feed self and holds the feed’s hand)

8-9 Months: What can baby eat?

Puffs snacks (dissolve), soft, cooked, mashed/diced vegetables such as carrots, disced/mashed squash, zucchini, ripe, soft, fresh fruit, mashed meatball

8-9 Months: Is sucking or suckling the dominant pattern at this stage?

Sucking

8-9 Months: Where is suckling still used?

mostly used with cup drinking

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some with a spoon

8-9 Months: How is baby’s vision?

baby can see in color and further away

baby can track a faster moving object/person

8-9 Months: True/False Rib flaring is increasing

False

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Rib flaring is decreasing significantly

8-9 Months: What has more room to expand on exhalation?

Diaphragm

8-9 Months: What does an expanding diaphragm mean for the baby’s sounds and phonation?

More sounds! b/c sounds are produced on exhalation

9 months: Do babies at 9 month make sounds independent or dependent on movement?

Independent

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He/she can make sounds in the absence of active movements

10-12 Months: What does the baby do to stand up?

Pulls to stand up

10-12 Months: What position does baby spend a lot of time in?

Upright position

10-12 Months: True/False Baby may stand on their own for a few seconds

True

10-12 Months: What position does the baby kneel/sit in to play?

W-sit

10-12 Months: True/False W-sitting is always okay.

False

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W-sitting is typical at first– Persistent W- sitting is NOT typical and is sign/ “red flag” of postural instability and core weakness.

10-12 Months: What does the baby do with furtniture?

Cruising along furniture

10-12 Months: What happens the baby bumps into a moveable object?

it learns that “if I move that with my body, it will move!”.

10-12 Months: What happens when a baby tries to reach for a person or object and accidentally takes a step and falls?

Baby puts its hand out for safety.

10-12 Months: True/False Babies who have cognitive or physical delays don’t protect themselves.

True

10-12 Months: True/False The more baby moves with all these new patterns, the less sounds he/she makes, and neural pathways are rapidly firing away.

False

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The more baby moves with all of these new patterns, the more sounds he/she makes, and

neural pathways are rapidly firing away.

10-12 Months: Does the baby begin to pick up bigger or smaller items?

smaller

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The pincer grasp emerges

10-12 Months: Does the baby uses “Trial and Error” or Problem Solving” or both?

Both

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Baby moves into different positions to obtain objects. Baby will use “Trial and Error”

to do so and use “Problem Solving” to achieve its end goal-the toy. If one
movement does not work and baby gest stuck or falls, it will try a different
movement pattern to achieve its goal.

10-12 Months: What play a role in baby problem solving/ trial and error?

personality

caregiver parenting style

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Let baby “figure it out!” but often times, caregiver swoops in to “help” baby by bringing him/her to the toy or the toy to him/her. In this scenario, what has baby learned?? –If I fuss and get frustrated, my parent will do it for me!

10-12 Months: What kind of feeding do babies do more of and with greater proficiency?

finger feeding

10-12 Months: Is baby successful with self feeding?

no, the baby wants it own utensil and tried to feel self with it but it usually unsuccessful

10-12 Months: What kind of food textures/sizes is baby eating?

chopped, diced, easily chewed meats (soft chicken)

12 Month: What does the tongue lateralizing look like?

both sides of the mouth for bolus transfer

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The tongue moves food from the center to one side, back to center, pauses, and then
moves the food to the other side.

12 Month: What two parts are more active with chewing?

cheeks and lips

10-12 Months: What kind of sounds is the baby making?

Variegated babbling (dadadidiba)

10-12 Months: How does the oral cavity change?

contours (elongate)

teeth emerge

buccal are less fatty and thick

10-12 Months: Does baby make more vowel or consonant sounds?

vowel

When do first words emerge?

10-12 Months

Do we support Baby Led Weaning (BLW)

no

10-12 Months: Crawling sets the stage for the supporting structures of the ______ as baby prepares to stand upright on 2 feet.

spine

10-12 Months: True/False Cross-crawling is a red flag

False

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Cross-crawling strengthens the communication between both hemispheres of the brain (right hemisphere and left hemisphere).

10-12 Months: What brain structure is used during movement?

cerebellum

10-12 Months: What do the palms of hands and feet do during crawling?

* strengthens sensitivity
* allows for baby to explore many different textures while improving body awareness.

10-12 Months: ___________ allows for baby to view the world in a different space through enhancement of their visual system. They can now learn to differentiate distances between different items in space

Crawling

___________ has been called the single greatest environmental influence on babies in the womb and during infancy

Nutrition

A proper balance of nutrients in this formative period is critical for_________ _______ _______________________

normal brain development

Shortages of nutrients such as ____ and _______ can impair cognitive and motor development, and these effects are often irreversible.

iron

iodine

____, an essential fatty acid, is a key component of the intensive production of _______ that makes the first years of life a critical period of learning and development.

DHA

synapses

True/False : Many other nutrients—choline, folic acid, and zinc, to name just a few—have been linked specifically to early brain functioning.

True

Early shortages can reduce ____ __________

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Later shortages can affect __ __ and ___________

cell production

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cell size and complexity

True/False:

Nutrient deficits also affect the complex chemical processes of the brain and can lead to less efficient communication between brain cells.

True

What are cultural differences with food and eating?

Types of food

Sitting furniture Reclining bouncers, highchairs, booster seats)

Use of utensils

Length of nursing