microbiology chap 1

A complete set of practice questions based on Chapter 1 of Microbiology with Diseases by Body System, focusing on the history, classification, and major discoveries in the field.

Who is known for making simple microscopes and visualizing "animalcules" in water?

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

By the end of the 19th century, the organisms Leeuwenhoek called "animalcules" became known by what name?

microorganisms

Who developed the taxonomic system for naming and grouping similar plants and animals together?

Carolus Linnaeus

What are the two categories of microbes that are unicellular and lack nuclei?

Bacteria and Archaea

What is the primary difference between the cell walls of Bacteria and Archaea?

Bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan, while Archaeal cell walls are composed of polymers other than peptidoglycan.

Which eukaryotic microbes obtain food from other organisms and possess cell walls?

Fungi

How do yeasts differ from molds in terms of cellularity and reproduction?

Yeasts are unicellular and reproduce asexually by budding, while molds are multicellular and reproduce by sexual and asexual spores.

What are the three types of locomotive structures used by protozoa?

Pseudopods, Cilia, and Flagella

How are algae categorized?

By their pigmentation and the composition of their cell wall.

Who originally proposed the theory of spontaneous generation?

Aristotle

Whose experiment using decaying meat and flies caused scientists to doubt spontaneous generation?

Redi

Which scientist's experiments with beef gravy and plant infusions reinforced the idea of spontaneous generation?

Needham

Who used "swan-necked" flasks to definitively disprove the theory of spontaneous generation?

Louis Pasteur

What field of microbiology began with Pasteur's work using microbes for manufacturing products?

industrial microbiology

Who demonstrated that fermentation does not require living cells by showing that enzymes promote chemical reactions?

Buchner

What theory, developed by Pasteur, suggests that specific germs called pathogens cause specific diseases?

The germ theory of disease

What are Koch's four postulates?

1. Suspected causative agent must be found in every case and absent from healthy hosts. 2. Agent must be isolated and grown outside host. 3. Host must get disease when agent is introduced. 4. Same agent must be found in experimental host.

According to Table 1.2, which scientist discovered the agent of Tetanus (Clostridium tetani) in 1889?

Shibasaburo Kitasato

Which scientist discovered the cause of bubonic plague (Yersinia pestis) in 1894?

Alexandre Yersin and Shibasaburo Kitasato

What is the most widely used staining technique for identifying bacteria?

Gram's stain

Which four individuals are credited with pioneering infection control and prevention methods?

Semmelweis (handwashing), Lister (antiseptic technique), Nightingale (nursing), and Snow (epidemiology).

Who developed the field of immunology through the creation of a vaccine?

Jenner

What is the study of the frequency, distribution, and spread of disease?

Epidemiology

Which three scientists determined that genes are contained in molecules of DNA?

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty

Who discovered penicillin?

Fleming

What is the term for the use of microbes to remove pollutants from the environment?

Bioremediation

Which researchers determined that cells can be categorized as bacteria, archaea, or eukaryotes?

Woese and Fox