Lecture Notes on Arthropods and Related Phyla

These flashcards cover key concepts related to arthropods, echinoderms, hemichordates, chordates, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals to aid in exam preparation.

Arthropods are known for their ____________ segmentation and jointed appendages.

metameric

The chelicerae are modified ___________ of appendages found in Chelicerata.

first pair

The class of arthropods that includes spiders, mites, ticks, and scorpions is called _____________.

Arachnida

Ticks are considered ___________ because they feed on the blood of their hosts.

ectoparasites

Myriapoda includes centipedes and _____________.

millipedes

Centipedes are characterized by having ____________ of appendages per body segment.

one pair

Millipedes typically have ____________ of appendages per body segment.

two pairs

The process by which crustaceans shed their exoskeleton to allow growth is called _____________.

molting

Crustaceans possess ____________ eyes, which are made of individual units called ommatidia.

compound

Insects have ____________ pairs of wings and usually exhibit two pairs of legs per body segment.

two

The term for complete metamorphosis in insects is _____________.

holometabolous

Incomplete metamorphosis in insects is referred to as _____________.

hemimetabolous

Chemical communication among insects often involves _____________.

pheromones

The class of echinoderms that includes sea stars is called _____________.

Asteroidea

Echinoderms exhibit ____________ symmetry as adults, but their larval stages are bilateral.

radial

The phylum that includes acorn worms is known as _____________.

Hemichordata

The defining characteristics of all chordates include notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, and _____________.

postanal tail

Urochordates are commonly known as _____________.

tunicates

The evolution of ____________ was a significant step for vertebrates transitioning to a terrestrial environment.

lungs

Amphibians have a unique life cycle involving a stage called ____________.

tadpole

The amniotic egg is characterized by having ____________ membranes to support development in a terrestrial environment.

four

The classification of reptiles includes turtles, lizards, snakes, and _____________.

crocodilians

The distinguishing feature of birds is the presence of ____________ feathers.

contour

The inner structures of feathers are designed to optimize ____________ for flight.

aerodynamics

Mammals are characterized by having hair and the ability to produce ____________ for their young.

milk