29. Euthanasia Physical Modalitis

1. direct depression of neurons necessary for life function

2. hypoxia

3. physical disruption of brain activity

what are the mechanisms for euthanasia

rapid loss of consciousness, followed by cardiac and respiratory arrest and subsequent loss of brain function

what is the ideal result of euthanasia

acceptable, conditionally acceptable, and unacceptable

what are the AVMA classifications of euthanasia

pentobarbital

what is the major active ingredient in several euthanasia solutions which functions to depress medullary and vasomotor centers at high doses

phenyotin

what can be added to euthanasia products to increase cardiac effects

in animals intended for food purposes

when should euthanasia drugs like pentobarbital and phenytoin not be used

1. lack of pulse/breathing, corneal reflex, or response to firm toe pinch

2. inability to hear breath or heart with stethoscope, greying of mm., rigor mortis

how do we confirm death

1. handled according to state and local laws

2. use of pentobarbital adds a legal responsibility to properly dispose of body to prevent adverse effects to wildlife

importance of body disposal following euthanasia

use of multiple non-invasive techniques to physically benefit the patients overall health

what are physical modalities

1. restore, maintain, and promote optimal function

2. improve the outcome

3. enhance the quality of life

goals of physical modalities

1. the licensed vet

2. registered/certified vet tech trained in the technique

3. licensed PT educated in veterinary anatomy and physiology

who does the physical modality treatments

individual practiviting veterinary physical therapy

according to state practice acts it is the responsibility of the ____ ____ ____ ___ ____ to know the legal issues related to both veterinary and PT practice acts in their respective state...failure to comply could mean practicing without a license

basic knowledge needed for physical modalities

what is shown here

all areas of the body and all aspects of orthopedic and neurological exam

what is involved in the complete myofascial exam and is designed to help narrow down dx. tests, formulate tx. plan, and give the owner a prognosis

active functional

posture, gait/mobility, transfers, and mm. strength tests are all part of ___ ____ rehabilitation assessments

passive functional

passive ROM, end-feel, goniometry, joint play, flexibility, mm. girth, and myofascial exam are all part of ____ ____ rehabilitation assessments

taut band of skeletal mm

what is a myofascial trigger point...recongize it is often painful and will shown local twitch response

1. put together a problem list based on exam findings

2. come up with goals

3. develop a tx. plan

how do we put it all together when doing a rehabilitation assessment

therapy will not be optimal unless pain is addressed

multimodal pain management of patients needing rehab is important because...

flooring, bedding, stairs, nail/foot care, feeding station

what are some environmental modification for a patient with OA

1. used during ACUTE inflammatory phase to reduce inflammation, edema, and pain

2. use of crushed ice or frozen peas for 15-25mins administered 2-6 times/d

3. caution when using over open wound

4. commercially available units to circulate cold water like Game Ready or Centurion Boreas CS

function of cryotherapy

1. for patients with CHRONIC pain and mm. spasms to increase vasodilation and blood flow allowing removal of accumulated metabolites

2. help with CT extensibility and mm relaxation to reduce overall stiffness

3. tx. for 30-45 mins but be sure to avoid burns

4. contraindicated during acute inflammation, hemorrhage, thrombophlebitis, or over malignant tissue

function of thermotherapy

1. pain relief, relaxation, and promote circulation to improve patient comfort and owner bond

2. contradicted in open wounds, unstable fractures, severe pain, coagulation disorders, infection, or neoplasia

3. techniques include: stroking, effleurage (distal to proximal), petrissage (rolling or kneading), trigger point therapy (compression of small area of mm. belly where spasm is felt)

function of massage

1. movement is life

2. use good footing, keep toenails trimmed

3. harness to support/control without restricting ROM

4. keep session positive with treats and praise

5. "start low and go slow" begining with 2-3 exercises per session

6. always warm up and cool down with something like a walk for 3-7 mins

what are some tips for therapeutic exercises (TE)

1. patient should get regular exercise at home

2. have owner keep a log of daily activities of patient

3. explain what fatigue looks like

key concepts with home exercise programs

1. LASER emitting a single wavelength light that leads to photochemical rxn in cells

2. therapeutic effects to direct pain control, increase release of endogenous opioids, reduce inflammation, tx. mm. trigger points and acupuncture points, cellular stimulation to help healing

3. will clip the area absorbing light

4. protective eye gear MUST be worn to prevent retina damage

what is photobiomodulation

1. deliver microcurrents to increase blood and lymph flow to reduce edema and pain WITHOUT heat

2. approved to tx. non-union fractures, post op pain and edema, platar fasciitis, and chronic wounds

what is targeted pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy

high-energy, high-amplitude acoustic pressure waves which travel through ST and fluid to release energy where there is a change in density to stimulate healing

what is extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT)

1. high intensity (>20,000 Hz) mechanical energy which moves through body and is converted to kinetic energy to effect biologic tissue through thermal and nonthermal properties

2. non-thermal effects modify cellular function and membrane permeability, stim fibroblast activity, increase blood flow, increase protein synthesis, and promote tissue repair and healing

what is therapeutic ultrasound (TUS)

depth of sound penetration

what is frequency in TUS

degree and rate of sound energy and heat production

what is intensity in TUS

greater amount of heat produced, start with lower intensity

what is higher intensity in TUS

reivewed

review this summary for physical modalities