The global energy budget

How does lattitude effect Global tempretrure

• At the poles, the sun is at a greater angle to theEarth'ss surface = thicker atmosphere to pass through

lattitides effect seasons and thier length

equator remains the same all year in distance from the sun

what is lattitude

the distance a place is from the equator

how does the sea effect Global tempretrure

There is a seasonal lag of water

• Water takes morw energy to heat and cool than land

• water reflects more radiation and evaporates cooling it

what is a marritime climate

lower annual tempreture range

what is an continental climate

bigger annual tempreture range

how do ocean currents effect Global tempretrure and example

Currents carry cool water from the poles to the equator and warm currents carry warm water from the equator to the poles dispersing tempretures

• e.g. North atlantic drift makes southwest england 12^oc warmer in Jan

what is the Crioulos effect

the spining of the earth on its axis that makes currents move clockwise in the north and anti-clockwise in the south

how does altitude effect Global tempretrure

• If you increace altitude tempreture decreaces 6.5^oc/kilometer

*high altitudes cant hold heat

how do clouds effect Global tempretrure

Reflects incoming heat and traps longwave radiation from escaping

how do winds effect Global tempretrure

how do winds transfer heat

• From warm → cold

what are regular winds called

Air masses

what is high pressure

air moves down

what is low pressure

air moves up

what are the two levels of the atmosphere from earth up

• trophoshere

• statosphere

what is the ITCZ

Intertropical convergence zone

• boundry between the two hadley cells

what are the changes of Mean temp at sea leval seasonally

January

• A greater proportion of the world is cooler

• Warmer hot spots on the tropic of capricorns

• ow temps come from north

June

• equator remains the same tempreture

• warm hot spots on the tropic of cancer

• low temps come from south

what is the seasonal varribility of global pressure belts

January

• The ITCZ shifts south

• deep low pressure over warm oceans

• high pressure over cold land

June

• The ITCZ shifts North

• low over Asia

• thermal lows over hot land

• high pressure over cool oceans

what is the corrilation between tempreuture varability and latitudes

• Less varribility closer to the equator

how do winds change seasonally

January

• NE trade winds dominate north of the equator

• strong continental high pressure pushes cold dry air outwards

June

• SE trade winds cross the equator becoming SW winds due to corriolous

• air flows from ocean to land where there are thermal lows

how fast are jet streams

200m/h

where are jet streams found height wise

12,000m

what conditions are needed for jet streams

• When warm and cold air meet

what are Rossby waves and how do they form

• large meanders in the jet stream caused by Earth's thermal differences, rotation and mountain ranges

what are the effects of the rossoby waves

• Slow-moving Rossby waves create persistent weather patterns; transfer heat from tropics toward poles

• Locate the position of the jet stream, which steers mid-latitude weather systems

what are the types of precipitation

• Rain

• Hail

• Sleet

• Snow

• Fog

• Dew

what is the poor distribution of energy at different latitudes and how is it redistributed

• The energy surplus at low latitudes and deficit at high latitudes drives global atmospheric and oceanic circulation to redistribute heat

• boundary between surplus and deficit is approximately at 40°N and S

what are the three types of wind belts

• trade winds

• westerlies

• polar easterlies

what is the roles of the trade winds

• blow from subtropical high pressure toward the equator (NE in N hemisphere, SE in S hemisphere)

what is the role of the westerlies

• blow from subtropical high pressure toward the poles in mid-latitudes

what is the role of the polar easterlies

blow from polar high pressure toward mid-latitudes

what do ocean currents do

• Carry warm water from the equator to the poles and cool water from poles to equator

give an example of a warm ocean current

• North Atlantic Drift

Give an example of a cold ocean current

Benguela Current