ch.8 cgd

Which term refers to the ability to adapt to the environment, to think and learn, and to understand oneself and others?

Intelligence

Which concept refers to the idea that intelligence may be one general ability?

g (general intelligence)

Which type of intelligence allows individuals to solve new problems quickly and effectively with little prior training?

Fluid intelligence

Which type of intelligence reflects the knowledge a person has already acquired and can use to solve problems?

Crystallized intelligence

The idea that intelligence is not a single ability but made up of multiple abilities reflects what viewpoint?

multiple intelligences perspective

Which term refers to a single number representing general intelligence based on mental age and chronological age?

Intelligence quotient (IQ)

Which type of IQ score compares an individual’s performance to others of the same age group?

Deviation IQ

What type of testing uses the same procedures and scoring for all test takers?

standardized testing

One advantage of standardized testing is what?

allows comparison across individuals

One criticism of standardized testing is what?

may not capture real-world abilities or cultural differences

Which type of assessment measures how well a person learns with assistance?

Dynamic assessment

Which type of assessment uses real-life tasks to measure ability?

Authentic assessment

Which theory proposes that there are many different types of intelligence rather than one?

Theory of multiple intelligences

A major criticism of Gardner’s theory is what?

lack of neurological evidence

Why is Gardner’s theory appealing to educators?

recognizes different ways students can be intelligent

Which theory states that intelligence involves analytical, creative, and practical abilities?

Triarchic theory

Which type of intelligence involves analyzing and evaluating ideas?

Analytical intelligence

Which type of intelligence involves generating new ideas and handling novelty?

Creative intelligence

Which type of thinking involves producing many possible solutions?

Divergent thinking

Which type of thinking involves narrowing ideas to one best solution?

Convergent thinking

Which type of intelligence involves solving everyday problems and adapting behavior?

Practical intelligence

Why is assessing intelligence in infancy difficult?

early measures do not strongly predict later intelligence

Which concept refers to the link between processing speed and intelligence?

information processing abilities and general intelligence

When intelligence scores remain similar over time, this reflects what?

stability of intelligence

What does heritability of 20% to 50% for intelligence indicate?

genetic influence on intelligence

What role do genes play in intelligence?

set upper and lower limits

What role does environment play in intelligence?

shapes development within genetic limits

The study of brain structure and function in relation to intelligence is known as what?

neuroscience and intelligence

Which theory links intelligence to integration of brain regions?

Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory (P-FIT)

Children with higher intelligence may show differences in what?

brain development and functioning

Which condition involves deficits in intellectual, social, and adaptive functioning beginning early in life?

Intellectual disability

Which condition involves difficulty in a specific academic area such as reading or math?

Specific learning disorder (SLD)

A diagnosis of SLD requires what?

performance below average not explained by other conditions

SLDs may be caused by what factors?

genetics or prenatal exposure to drugs or alcohol

Children with SLD often experience what additional challenges?

social, emotional, and behavioral challenges

Which term refers to children who perform at very high levels and show exceptional potential?

Gifted or talented

Which model defines giftedness as ability, creativity, and task commitment?

Three-ring model of giftedness

What is a major issue in education regarding gifted students?

debate over services provided

Which program adds more learning opportunities without speeding up grade level?

Enrichment approach

Which program allows students to move faster through school?

Accelerated program

What is the relationship between creativity and intelligence?

positive but low correlation

Which type of creativity changes society?

Big-C creativity

Which type of creativity is used in everyday problem solving?

Small-c creativity

Schools often fail to do what regarding creativity?

foster creativity

Which factor predicts academic success better than IQ?

Self-control

Which type of motivation comes from internal enjoyment?

Intrinsic motivation

Which type of motivation comes from external rewards?

Extrinsic motivation

Which term refers to continuing motivation despite setbacks?

Motivational resilience

Which term refers to becoming discouraged after setbacks?

Motivational vulnerability

Which term refers to beliefs about learning and intelligence?

Academic mindsets