Unit 2_ American Origins Key Terms

Chattel Slavery

________: Characterized by the dehumanizing treatment of people as personal property and commodities to be bought and sold.

Mayflower Compact

________: Written agreement in 1620 to create a body politic among the male settlers in Plymouth; it was the forerunner to charters and constitutions that were eventually adopted in all the colonies. Created to ensure loyalty to the Crown and create order for sake of survival

Anne Hutchinson

________: Charismatic female colonist in Massachusetts Bay who questioned whether one could achieve salvation solely by good works; she led the Antinomian controversy by challenging the clergy and the laws of the colony, eventually banned for her heretic views by the Puritans

William Penn

Established colony in New World named Pennsylvania in 1682, was a haven for Quakers persecuted in England and in the colonies, viewed slavery as immoral along with his counterparts

Congregationalist

________ (Puritans): Believed the Anglican Church retained too many Catholic ideas and sought to purify the Church of England; the Puritans believed in predestination (man saved or damned at birth) and also held that God was watchful and granted salvation only to those who adhered to His goodness as interpreted by the church.

Tenochititlán

He (Hernándo Cortés) captured the capital with its leader Montezuma in 1521; the final nail in Aztec civilization. Cell will superior technology and men from opposing tribes.

Salem

________ witchhunt: Period of hysteria in 1692, when a group of teenaged girls accused neighbors of bewitching them; in ten months, nineteen people were executed and hundreds imprisoned.

Society of Friends

________ (Quakers): Church founded by George Fox which believed in "The Inner Light- "a direct, individualistic experience with God; the church was strongly opposed to the Anglican Church in England and the Congregationalist Church in America. Named after their quaking appearance during religious worship.

Salutary neglect

________: Policy that British followed from 1607 to 1763, by which they interfered very little with the colonies; through this lack of control, the colonies thrived and prospered. Ended with the Seven Years war debt

House of Burgesses

________: First popularly- elected legislative assembly in America; it met in Jamestown in 1619. Became bicameral legislature in 1642, and ended with American calls for independence in 1776.

Great Awakening

First ________: Religious revival in the colonies in 1730s and 1740s; George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards preached a message of atonement for sins by admitting them to God, emerged as reaction to concurrent enlightenment movement.

Mercantilism

________: Economic doctrine that called for the mother country to dominate and regulate its colonies, the system fixed trade patterns, maintained high tariffs, and discouraged manufacturing in the colonies. Was the original economic policy of Britain in the New World

New England colonists

Metacoms (King Phillips) War (1675- 1676): Conflict between ________ and Native American groups.

Northwest Passage

________: Mythical water route to Asia.

Roger Williams

________: Puritan who challenged the church to separate itself from the government and to give greater recognition of the rights of Native Americans; he was banished in 1635 and founded Rhode Island.

eighteenth century America

The movement attempted to combat the growing secularism and rationalism of mid- ________.

Georgia

Southern Colonies: Inclusive of South Carolina, North Carolina, and ________.

Theocracy

________: Government organized and administered by the church; in Massachusetts Bay colony, only church members could vote in town meetings.

Richard Hakluyt

________: British writer who, in the 1580s, encouraged England to explore and settle in North America.

Jean Baptiste Colbert

________: Louis XIVs minister who rejuvenated the French empire in the Western Hemisphere.

Jonathan Edwards

________: Congregational minister of the 1740s who was a leading voice of the Great Awakening; his Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God attacked ideas of easy salvation and reminded the colonists of the absolute sovereignty of God.

Hernándo Cortés

________: Conquered Aztecs in Mexico.

Pueblo Revolt

________: Indian uprising in New Mexico in 1680 against Spain and the Catholic Church.

Epidemic

________: Widespread occurrence of an infectious disease, such as smallpox, in a community at a particular time.

British ships

Navigation Acts: Series of English laws to enforce the mercantile system, the laws established control over colonial trade, excluded all but ________ in commerce, and enumerated goods that had to be shipped to England or to other English colonies.

Christopher Columbus

________: Claimed islands in the Caribbean for Spain 1492- 1504.

Massachusetts

She (Anne Hutchinson) was banished from ________ in 1638 and was killed by Indians in 1643.

Protestant Evangelicalism

________: Trans- denominational movement within Protestant Christianity that stressed the preaching of the gospel, personal conversion experiences, the Bible as the sole basis for faith, and active spreading of the faith.

religious services

The government levied taxes on both church members and nonmembers and required attendance for all at ________.