aldehyde, ketones, carboxylic acids
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5 Terms
carbonyl
adds polarity HC’s → only an H-bond acceptor
carbonyl middle of chain → ketone | on end → aldehyde
ketone
end of parent chain drop “e”, replace to -one, otherwise use -oxo if other functional groups have higher priority (eg. 3-oxobutanal)
primary alcohol oxidized to secondary alc which becomes a ketone
aldehyde
end of parent chain drop “e”, replace to -al, otherwise use -oxo if other functional groups have higher priority (eg. 3-oxobutanal)
aldehyde > ketone
primary alcohol is aldehyde after primary is oxidized
carboxyl properties
H-bonding (OH) → increases melting/boiling points and miscibility in water
H in the OH can be partially donated, giving HC acid properties
carboxyl reactions
R-COOH made by oxidizing an aldehyde ONLY (NOT KETONE)
