IELTS Vocabulary Practice Flashcards

A set of vocabulary flashcards in English covering various topics such as sports technology, maritime history, social psychology, environmental science, and economics based on IELTS-style reading materials.

Incredible

Extremely good, beautiful, or large; hard to believe.

Remarkable

Worthy of attention; striking or extraordinary.

Transformation

A complete change in the appearance or character of something or someone.

Synthetic

Made by chemical synthesis, especially to imitate a natural product; man-made.

Elite

A select group that is superior in terms of ability or qualities to the rest of a group or society.

Manufacturer

A person or company that makes goods for sale.

String pattern

The structure or density of the strings on a tennis racket.

Topspin

A forward rotation of a ball in flight which causes it to dip or bounce unusually high.

Significance

The quality of being worthy of attention; importance.

Climatic conditions

The prevailing weather patterns or environmental states of a particular region.

Durable

Able to withstand wear, pressure, or damage; hard-wearing.

Revolutionise

To change something radically or fundamentally.

Millennia

A period of a thousand years (plural: millenniums or millennia).

Piracy

The practice of attacking and robbing ships at sea.

Marine resources

Material and energy resources found in the ocean that are useful to mankind.

Laden with

Heavily loaded or weighed down with something, such as goods or cargo.

Retaliation

The action of returning a military attack; counterattack or revenge.

Diplomatic correspondence

Communication between officials of different nations, such as letters or telegrams.

Substantial

Of considerable importance, size, or worth.

Egalitarianism

A belief in human equality, especially with respect to social, political, and economic rights and privileges.

Misinformation

False or inaccurate information that is spread, regardless of intent to deceive.

Falsehood

The state of being untrue; a lie or a fabricated statement.

Strategic advantage

A position or condition that provides a favorable outcome in a long-term plan.

Detrimental

Tending to cause harm; damaging.

Media literacy

The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a variety of forms.

Agrarian society

A society whose economy is based on producing and maintaining crops and farmland.

Industrialised

The development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale.

Cottage industry

A business or manufacturing activity carried on in a person's home.

Innovation

The action or process of innovating; a new method, idea, or product.

Smelting

The process of extracting metal from its ore by a process involving heating and melting.

Urbanisation

The process of making an area more urban through the migration of people to towns and cities.

Withdrawal

The action of ceasing to participate in an activity or an organization; dropping out.

Unavoidable

Not able to be ignored or prevented; inevitable.

Adrenaline

A hormone secreted by the adrenal glands, especially in conditions of stress, increasing rates of blood circulation and breathing.

Cortisol

A steroid hormone that regulates a wide range of processes throughout the body, including metabolism and the immune response, often called the stress hormone.

Inquiry

An act of asking for information or an official investigation.

Genius

Exceptional intellectual or creative power or other natural ability.

Resolute

Admirably purposeful, determined, and unwavering.

Theory of Relativity

The physical theory developed by Albert Einstein, often represented by the equation $E = mc^2$.

Innate

Inborn; natural; a quality or ability someone is born with.

Deliberate practice

Purposeful and systematic training that requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving performance, often associated with the $10,000$-hour rule.

Archaeologist

A person who studies human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts.

Archipelago

A group of islands.

Stepping stones

An action or event that helps one to make progress towards a specified goal.

Artefact

An object made by a human being, typically one of cultural or historical interest.

Eco-systems

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

Biodiversity

The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

Mitigating

Making something less severe, serious, or painful.

Artificial speech translation

The use of computer software to translate spoken language from one tongue to another automatically.

Prototype

A first, typical or preliminary model of something from which other forms are developed or copied.

Lingua franca

A language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different.

Phenology

The study of cyclic and seasonal natural phenomena, especially in relation to climate and plant and animal life.

Hydrothermal vents

An opening in the sea floor out of which heated mineral-rich water flows.

Deep-sea mining

The process of retrieving mineral deposits from the ocean floor below $200$ meters.

Altruism

The belief in or practice of disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others.

Patriarchy

A system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family and descent is traced through the male line.