ICD FINAL

Vibrating line is located...

soft palate: between the movable and immovable portions

what four things are taken for vital signs

HR, Respiratory rate, Temp, BP

where should pulse be taken

radial artery

cardiac rhythm can exist in what 3 ways

regular, regularly irregular, irregularly irregular

what is normal HR

60-100 bpm

what HR is bradycardia

<60bpm

what HR is tachycardia

>100bpm

what is normal RR (respiratory rate)

10-14 breaths/min

what is bradypnea

slow breathing, <10 breaths per minute

what is tachypnea

rapid breathing; >20 breaths per minute

what is orthopnea

difficulty breathing while lying down

what is normal oral temp

98.6F

hypothermia is considered what temp

<94F

fever is considered what temp

>100F

what conditions can alter temperature

disease, physical activity, environmental temp

what does BP measure

the pressure of the blood against the walls of the artery

BP is closely related to

force/rate of heartbeat, elasticity of arterial walls

variations in BP can be due to

anxiety, pain, exercise, position, time of day, age, etc

difference between systolic and diastolic

systole occurs when the heart contracts, forcing blood into the arteries

diastolic occurs when the heart is relaxing/filling

define pulse pressure; what is normal

difference between systolic and diastolic; 40mmHg

Hypertension occurs when

systolic is >140 or diastolic is >90

hypotension occurs when there is a decrease in BP AND.....

accompanying symptoms

what does the acronym CAB stand for

Compressions, airway, breathing

what is the first step before CPR begins

check surroundings are safe

for an adult there are __ cycles of ___ compressions and ___ breaths

5; 30; 2

CPR should mimic ____ BPM

100

how deep should impressions on adults go

2"

how deep should impressions on children go

1/3-1/2 width of torso

if there is a pulse should you still give compressions?

no; only breaths (1 p 5s)

If the pt is breathing, what two components should be used

nasal canula or oxygen facemask

what setting is the flow meter on if using a nasal canula

1-3

what setting is the flow meter on if using oxygen facemask

4-6

if the pt is not breathing what two components can be used

ambu bag, positive pressure mask

what should the flow meter be set on for the ambu bag

25 (max)

what should the flow meter be set on for positive pressure mask

0

Narcan duration depends on? What is the typical duration

drug type/amount and half life; 30-90 min

what should be administered during anaphylaxis shock? what is the general duration of time it should be administered?

epipen; 10s

Benadryl can be used in conjunction with an epiPen or for

allergic symptoms (due to histamine)

When are nitroglycerin sublingual tabs used

angina pectoris

what is included in emergency kit for diabetics

Gluc tabs, InstaGluc

asprin can be administered in cases of

stroke, heart attack, acute coronary syndromes

ventolin or albuterol inhalers are used fo

asthma attacks, bronchospasm

what is syncope

loss of consciousness due to drop in BP and HR

how to tx syncope

supine position, administer oxygen, ammonia inhalant

how to tx Hyperventilation syndrome

calm pt, rebreathe, IV sedation

chest pain or angina pectoris typically radiates from

neck, jaw, arms

how to tx chest pain/angina

oxygen, nitroglycerin

when should you call 911 with chest pain/angina

after 3rd dose of nitroglycerin

symptoms of hypoglycemia/insulin shock

rapid pulse, low BP, high RR, hunger, dizzy, vomiting

tx of hypoglycemia/insulin shock

if conscious: oral sugar

if unconscious: 50% dextrose IV

if someone in clinic is undergoing mild allergic rx, how should you proceed

referral

if someone in clinic is undergoing moderate allergic rx, how should you proceed

oral benadryl + referral

if someone in clinic is undergoing severe allergic rx, how should you proceed

IM benadryl + immediate consult

what is the concern with severe allergic rxn

can become anaphylaxis

symptoms of grand mal siezure

convulsions, oozing of saliva

symptoms of petit mal siezure

trance like state, flickering eyelids, twitching of mouth

symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis

excessive thirst, fruity breath, nausea

tx of diabetic ketoacidosis

oxygen, insulin, call 911

most common stroke type? what is it

ischemic; artery occlusion that leads to the brain

what is a hemorrhagic stroke? what medications should be avoided?

A stroke caused by bleeding into the brain; anticoagulants

How many bones are in the face

14

what are the 4 facial expression muscles

modiolus, orbicularis oris, mentalis, buccinator

what actions do the facial muscles control

facial expression, mastication, floor of mouth

modiolus is found

corners of mouth; it is the convergence of several muscles

modiolus is responsible for

opening/closing lips

frowning/smiling

Orbicularis oris muscle arises from

medial maxilla and mandible

orbicularis oris inserts

into mucous membrane of lips

function of orbicularis oris

close mouth, compress lips against the teeth, protrude lips

Mentalis muscle action

contract skin of chin and raises lower labial sulcus

Buccinator muscle action

compresses cheek against teeth

where does the buccinator muscle attach

lateral aspects of md/mx alveolar processes and pterygomandibular raphe

attachments of what muscle form the vestibular sulci

buccinator muscle

primary function of masseter muscle

mastication

elevation/protrusion of the md

primary muscle of the floor of the mouth

mylohyoid muscle

mylohyoid muscle courses from____ ____ to ____ ____

internal mandible to hyoid bone

what is the primary artery supplying the face

branches of the external carotid

what is the primary sensory nerve of the face

CN V (trigeminal)

what division of the trigeminal nerve supplies the Mx

CN V2

what division of the trigeminal nerve supplies the Md

CN V3

the oral cavity is continuous posteriorly with the

oropharynx

what is the difference between oral vestibule and oral cavity proper

oral vestibule is the space between the teeth and lips/cheeks while oral cavity proper is contained within the mx/md arches (typically occupied by the tongue)

the hard palate separates what cavities

nasal from oral

palatal raphe

midline posterior seam

palatine fovea is

small depression between hard and soft palate; opening to minor palatine glands

the hamular notch is where the maxilla meets the ...

medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone

Alginate is considered a

irreversible hydrocolloid

alginate particles are compromised of

salts of alginic acid

activator

retarder

inert filler

flavoring

define syneresis

lose water

define imbibition

absorbing water

what can affect the dimensional stability of an alginate impression after it sets?

atmospheric cond.

water

what position should the pt be in when taking impressions

upright

when taking mx impression, where should you stand in relation to the pt

behind the pt

when taking md impression, where should you stand in relation to the pt

facing the pt

what temperature will slow down the rxn time of the impression causing the need to leave the impression in the pt's mouth longer?

cold

define edentulous

lacking teeth

the key to a good impressions is

the fit of the tray

if someone has a gagging problem, what is the best method to get a good impression?

distraction, NO sedation, Topical anesthetic (last resort)

what should you not do prior to taking an impression on a pt?

do not ask if they have a gag reflex

why do you rotate the alginate powder container prior to scooping out material?

for proper air/particle content

when measuring alginate powder, should you firmly compress the powder into the scoop?

no