RBT Competency Study Guide

What is Continuous Measurement?

Occurs when you record every instance of a behavior or response

What are the 5 parts of Continuous Measurement?

Frequency

Duration

Latency

Rate

IRT

Under Continuous Measurement “Frequency” is

Counting - How many times did behavior occur.

Example: Johnny eloped 10x yesterday. Your frequency would be 10

Under Continuous Measurement “Duration” is

How long, or the extent, that the behavior occurs

Example: Johnny tantrum lasted for 5 minutes. The duration is 5 minutes

Under Continuous Measurement “Latency” is

The time between the onset of a stimulus and the start of the response.

Example: I say, “Sit Down”, 4 seconds later the client sits down. The latency would be 4 seconds.

Under Continuous Measurement “Rate” is

Ratio of counter per observation time, or responses per minute/ per hour/ per session/ etc.

Example: Johnny bangs his head 5x per hour

Under Continuous Measurement “IRT” is

The time between the end of one response and the beginning of another (same) response.

Example: 13 seconds passed between two instances of screaming

What is Discontinuous Measurement?

Occurs when you record behaviors or responses during a set interval of time, but not the entire session.

What are the 3 types of discontinuous measurement?

Partial Interval

Whole Interval

Momentary Time Sampling

Under Discontinuous Measurement “Partial Interval” is

Did the behavior occur at all during the interval?

Example: Johnny screamed once during the 30 second interval

Under Discontinuous Measurement “Whole Interval” is

Did the behavior occur during the whole interval?

Example: Johnny screamed the entire 30 second interval

Under Discontinuous Measurement “Momentary Time Sampling” is

Did the behavior occur at that particular moment?

Example: Johnny screamed at the exact moment that you were taking data for

What is the most common graph?

Line Graph

WBA’s goes on the x and y intervals?

X = Time

Y = Behavior

Name some preference assessments

Free operant

Forced choice

Multiple Stimulus with Replacement

Multiple Stimulus without Replacement

What preference assessment makes the client choose between two items?

Forced Choice / Paired Stimulus

Under Preference Assessment “Free Operant” is

Observing and timing how long a client engages with an item or items used to identify reinforcers

Under Preference Assessment “Forced Choice” is

Presenting two items or activities and asking the client to choose the one that is used to identify reinforcers

Under Preference Assessment “Multiple Stimulus w/ Replacement” is

Items are presented, learner choose an item, that item is put back and unchosen items are replaced

Under Preference Assessment “Multiple Stimulus w/o Replacement” is

Items are presented, learner chooses an item, that item is taken out and the other items are rearranged

What is ABC Data?

Data on what happens right before and after the behavior

What do ABC Data stand for?

Antecedent Behavior Consequence Data

Example of ABC Data

Antecedent - I’m thirsty

Behavior - Takes a drink

Consequence - No longer thirsty

What do DTT stand for?

Discrete Trial Teaching

What is DTT?

Discrete Trail Training or Teaching

When do we use DTT?

To teach a new skill

Types of DTT

Distractor Trial

Random Rotation

Maintenance/Generalization

Under DTT “Distractor Trail” is

One target, two unknown choices

Under DTT “Random Rotation” is

One mastered target, and trail target

Under DTT “Maintenance/Generalization” is

Run mastered choices

Easy to observe

Give correct feedback

Many trials can be run

What is Naturalistic Teaching?

Used to strengthen, generalize, and maintain behaviors. We look for opportunities to reinforce the client in the natural environment

naturalistic teaching is also called?

Incidental Teaching

Name the 3 types of chaining

Forward

Backward

Total Task

Describe forward chaining

Teach and reinforce the guest step in the chain and prompt the rest. We then teach and reinforce the first and second steps and then prompt the rest

Under chaining “task analysis” is

Breaking complex skills into smaller, teachable steps (creates the chain)

Under chaining “forward chain” is

1st step is taught and reinforced, then remaining steps are prompted

Under chaining “backward chain” is

Last step is taught and reinforced, then remaining steps are prompted

Under chaining “total task chain” is

Teach the entire chain all at once

What is shaping?

Reinforcing approximations of behavior to teach a novel behavior

Differential Reinforcement

Reinforce only the approximation you want

Great for shaping language

Teaches novel behaviors

What is discrimination training

Teaching our clients to tell the difference between two stimuli

How do we teach discrimination

Differential Reinforcement

What is stimulus transfer control

Transferring the control of a response from one stimulus to another

What is prompting

Assistance or a cue used to evoke the desired response

What are 2 tires of promoting procedure?

Least to most and most to least

What do SSD use tokens for?

As a generalized conditioned reinforcers to reinforce a variety of behaviors

Are tokens conditioned or unconditioned?

Conditioned

When do you deliver a token ?

according to reinforcement schedule

What does your client do after they get all their tokens?

Exchange the tokens for a back up reinforcer

What is crisis or emergency situations?

When the client, I, or another person are in danger

What are the crisis procedures here?

What’s in the company’s policy

What are antecedent interventions

Interventions that take place before the behavior in attempt to prevent a behavior. They are preventative measures

Example of Antecedent Interventions

Putting your hair in a ponytail if your client pulls hair.

How would we manipulate motivating operations?

By depriving or satiating the client

What is differential reinforcement?

When we reinforce a response and put all other responses on extinction

Name 3 DR Procedures

Alternative Behaviors

Incompatible Behaviors

Other Behaviors

What is DRI?

Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behaviors

Example: Kevin elopes from his seat. Kevin is only reinforced if he is sitting in his seat. Kevin can’t be in his seat, and out of his seat, at the same time

What is DRA?

Differential Reinforcement of Alternate Behaviors

Example: Karen screams the answer, instead of raising her hand. She is only reinforced when she raises her hand. Karen can’t scream and raise her hand at the same time

What is DRO?

Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviors

Example: Julie pulls hair. If Julie doesn’t pull hair for 3 minutes she is reinforced

What is extinction?

Removing or stopping reinforcement for a behavior that was previously reinforced

What can we expect when we implement extinction?

An extinction burst.

An extinction burst is a predictable increase in behavior that is put on extinction

What is Spontaneous Recovery?

The sudden reappearance of a previously extinguished behavior

When are session notes to be completed?

Before the end of session or whatever your company policy have listed

What should you remember about session notes?

Be objective, be complete, and just say what happened

What must be included in your session notes that has to be objective?

Write what you observed and not what you feel

Include: goals worked on, and data that goes along with the goals

Example: Johnny worked on manding, and landed 3x for his bear

What must be included in your session notes for report?

How client responded to reinforcement

Antecedents and consequences

Was anything mastered

How data was collected (DTT, duration, frequency)

Only report what happened

When should you maintain client dignity?

Always

How do you maintain client dignity?

By treating them like I would treat anyone else.

Treat them appropriately for their age and skill

Respect them

What are professional boundaries?

Boundaries that are clear between professional and personal relationships

If a client asks you to babysit, should you accept?

No. I should only work with the client as an RBT

What is a dual relationship? Are they allowed

A relationship between myself and a client that is both professional and personal

No they are not allowed

What are your supervision requirements?

Must receive supervision every month as an RBT

5% of your hours spent delivering service must be supervised

If you worked 100 hours, you must receive 5 hours of supervision

You must get your supervision form signed every month by your supervisor

When should you request clinical direction from a supervisor?

At any point that I have a question or concern

Should you wait for scheduled supervision to reach out to a supervisor?

No, as soon as something comes up I should reach out to a supervisor