China agriculture and industry 1949-65

A level edexcel Mao's China key topic 4 communist states in the twentieth century

Attack on landlords: During the Chinese civil war ___, there were more attacks on wealthy people

1945-49

Attack on landlords: ____ was taken from landlords and redistributed amongst its former tenants. However, only __% to __% rented land so were the only ones liable for redistribution

property

10

15

Attack on landlords: Landlords were put on ___ trials and denounced as ‘_______ __ ___ ______’

public

enemies of the people

Attack on landlords: What law encouraged violent confrontations (also known as what) in what year

Agrarian reform law 1950

struggle meetings

Attack on landlords: around how many landlords were killed during land reform of the early 19__s

1 million

1950s

Attack on landlords: ___% of cultivated land was redistributed and ___% of the population benefitted

40

60

Attack on landlords: Land reform was completed by ___ destroying the old elite and bought the support of the peasants who made up ___% of China

1952

80

Attack on landlords: In places like ___, landlords held more power so reform was unable to take place

Taiwan

Redistribution of land: ___% of cultivated land was redistributed and ___% of the population benefitted

40

60

Redistribution of land: The gain was as much as __ or __ acres per family

1

2

Redistribution of land: Redistribution of land was not the most considerable change for two reasons

collectivisation happened within a few years

reliant on land reform and the attacks on landlords

Agricultural cooperation: MATs - ‘_____ ___ _____’ in what year

mutual aid teams

1951

Agricultural cooperation: MATs were groups of about ___ families who pooled labour and equipment. By what year did ___% of peasant households belong to MATS?

10

1952

40

Agricultural cooperation: APCs - ‘__________ _______ ___________’

agricultural producers cooperatives

Agricultural cooperation: under APCs private ownership was minimised to __%

5

Agricultural cooperation: ___% of families joined the APC units and there was a ___% increase in production yearly from 1953-57

14

3.8

Agricultural cooperation: What system was set up that allowed families to trade for ____ or ____

point system

money

grain

Agricultural cooperation: Ideology - in what year did Mao push for his vision of a ‘____ _______’

1955

socialist countryside

Agricultural cooperation: Ideology - Mao was a ______ and needed to demonstrate his power over moderates like ____ and ____

ideologue

Agricultural cooperation: Economic - Mao needed to fund new ____ tech with money from food exports

russian

Agricultural cooperation: personal - control over the peasants who were ___%

80

Agricultural cooperation: personal - To boost his popularity however this backfired as he was accused of ‘____ ______’ in ___ and in ____ who disbanded _/_ of APCs

rash advance

1953

1955

Lui shaoqui

1/4

Enforced collectivisation: Mao announced enforced collectivisation in ____

1955

Enforced collectivisation: The number of houses in APCs grew from ___ million to ___ million by ____

17

75

1956

Enforced collectivisation: private ownership of ___ and ____ was abolished

tools and land

Enforced collectivisation: why did the standard of living improve

peasants better fed

5YP 1953-57: Annual growth averaged ___%

16%

5YP 1953-57: Industrial output grew ___% per year

15.5%

5YP 1953-57: Standard of living improved due to what

secure jobs

5YP 1953-57: The industrial workforce grew __ million to __ million

6

10

5YP 1953-57: Coal production did what

nearly doubled

5YP 1953-57: While ___ industry was prioritised, what was neglected

heavy

light industry

5YP 1953-57: The supply of what was low due to people spending money of _______ ____ to fund the plan

consumer goods

government bonds

5YP: between what years was the 5YP

1953-57

5YP targets: Mao modelled the plan off of who

Russia

5YP targets: The plans focus was on what

the centralisation of heavy industry

5YP targets: Steel production increased how many times

4

5YP targets: ____ trucks were made compared to the quota of ____

7500

4000

5YP targets: Focus on ____ over _____

quantity over quality

5YP targets: Vital quotas such as what were not met

crude oil

5YP USSR support: ____ agreement in ___ meant that Russian aid was given to China

sino-soviet

1950

5YP USSR support: how many industrial experts were sent to china and how many chinese technicians were sent to russia

11,000

28,000

5YP USSR support: How many new projects were set up focused on mainly what

156

infastructure

5YP USSR support: Russian technology was introduced into which area

mining

5YP USSR support: Soviets helped china establish _____

refineries

5YP USSR support: Loan of $____ million over the next ___ years. what were the two problems with this?

300

5

high interest

demanding repayment schedule

organisation of communes: Mao claimed he needed to ‘_________ ___________’

socialise agriculture

organisation of communes: First commune was established in ___ and was named ____ commune

1958

sputnik

organisation of communes: how many cooperatives were reorganised into _______ communes with approximately _____ households in each commune

740,000

26,000

5500

organisation of communes: What was abolished and ___% of private housing was destroyed

private property

40

organisation of communes: Industry developed in communes to make them self-sufficient. They produced their own ___ and consumer goods like ____

food

toothbrushes

organisation of communes: Communes were declared ____ units. all abled bodied aged ___ to ___ were part of the ____ acting as the police force

military units

15-50

militia

organisation of communes: Communes had set ____

incomes

organisation of communes: ___% of women worked alongside men on the farms

90

Communal living: Communes were made up of around how many households. Mao had claimed that __% of peasants were in communes

5500

99%