Ancient Greek History in Chronological Order

Start to End of EXAM 1 in order - ONLY IMPORTANT STUFF

4-5 Villages become….

a Polis (city-state)

What did Sparta call the people who they conquered further out?

Helots

Helots had….

no rights/property they were considered property

In 507 ____ made a peace treaty with Persia with dirt and water

Athens

How did the Persian Wars start?

Athens help the Ionian revolt after they already signed a peace treaty with Persia

What was the second place Persia went to after they burned Eretria?

Marathon

How did Athens defeat Persia at the Battle of Marathon?

by a dead run which caused the persians almost to be surrounded, that they panicked and ran

What battle was considered to have ended the Archaic Period?

Battle of Marathon

What period was the peak of Ancient Greece?

The Classical Period

Who continued to the Persian Wars after Dairus died? and what is sneak attack?

Xerxes

the Hellespont

Who decided to help in the Battle against Xerxes

The Peloponnesian League aka Sparta

Who did Athens go to see before the Battle against Xerxes

The Oracle at Delphi

After the Battle against the Persians how was the Delian League created?

consisted of the Greeks who wanted control over the Aegean sea, that they eventually sought Athens to be the leader

How many Poleis consisted of the Delian League

150

After the Persian Wars, a common identity was founded throughout the city-states but then came the question who would lead them, who lead and what did this spark?

Athens; the conflict between Sparta and Athens

Who envisioned a cooperative vision of Sparta + Athens?

Cimon

When was Themistocles exiles?

471 BC

After the Persian Wars who started to institute more radical reforms as the threat of Sparta grew?

Themistocles

What was ostracization in Athens?

It was a safe guard against tyranny and they were ostracized for 10 year

Who lead and expanded the Delian league?

Cimon

What is cleruchy?

Colonist that were sent out could keep their citizenship

the Island of ____ tried to withdraw from the Delian league and Athens _____ it

1.) Naxos

2.) destroyed

Who became the center of Athens in the democracy?

The rowers of trimeses

Who shifted the power to the Lower class?

Pericles and his buddy Ephialtes

Who was known as the “first citizen” of Athens

Pericles

Why was only allowing Athenians whose parents were Athenian into the assembly was giving advantage to lower class?

Most rich people married other people from city-states

The Key Feature of Athenian Democracy?

• made to avoid wealth and bribery

• extent on ordinary citizens are responsible of the city

• citizens chosen by lot

• remarkable aspect that ordinary people were given to manage things

What is Liturgies

a service that was portioned to wealthy citizens; it gave the wealthy recognition

the types of liturgies:

Trierarchia = command a trireme

Choregia = responsibilities to hire, feed, a choir

Gymnasiarchia = responsibility to train of an athlete

Athens saw what was their right and as critical being the driving force of Greece?

their growth and expansion

The first Peloponnesian War happened in?

460-455BC

Who primarily fought in the first Peloponnesian War?

Athens vs Spartan Allies

Who have been commercial rivals since the 6th BC

Corinth and Athens

What was the greatest expansion of the Athenian Empire?

gaining not only Boeotia but also Elocris and Phois

What was the moment that the Delian League turned into the Athenian Empire?

Moving the treasury from Delos to Athens

After Athens loss in Egypt, Athens negotiated a peace treaty with Sparta, how long was the treaty?

5 years

What was the Peace Treaty with Persia that Athens had supposedly signed?

Peace of Callias

When did the Athenian Empire begin to fall apart?

with the loss against persia in egypt

Who successfully left the Delian League after the empire started to fall?

Thebes

Who kicked Athens out of Boeotia?

Thebes

How long was the Athenian and Spartan peace treaty last?

30 Years

What was one of the agreements of the Athenian and Spartan 30 Year Peace Treaty?

No allies were allowed to switch sides and internal conflicts would be solved internally

Pericles decided to use Delian League funds to build what?

Long walls from Athens to Piraeus as defense

Who helped spread democracy throughout the Delian League?

Pericles

When Epidamnus and Corcya go to war, Cornith helps Episdmnus which angers Athens. What was the result of this disobedience?

That potadaygia was the to cut off ties with Cornith

In 432 Who denounces Athens in the Peloponnesian Congress?

Corinth

What are the three parts of the second Peloponnesian War?

The Archidamian (Peace of Nicias)

The Sicilian Expedition

The Ionian War

When the second war started most Greek city states sided with who?

Sparta

Who was the main strategist for Athens?

Pericles

What killed Pericles?

a plague in athens

What was the main strategy of Pericles

a defensive strategy

Why did Pericles order everyone in Attica to go to Athens?

As Attica was being raided by Spartans OFTEN

Who fought for the position of strategist after Pericles died?

Cleon (effective speaker) and Demosthenes (innovated general)

Demosthenes strategy was to be more ______

aggressive

What did Athens want to do to Mytilene?

Kill all the men and sell the women/children

What was developed by Demosthenes as a basis of operation?

Messene, which forced Sparta to leave Attica

When Sparta offered a Peace Treaty the 1st time during 2nd the Peloponnesian War, Athens said _____

No

In 421 the Peace of Nicias was signed by who excluded themselves from the treaty?

Corinth, Magra, and Boeotia

Who became the competitor of Sparta and eventually lost to them but got help from Athens, breaking the Peace at Nicias.

Argos

Who led the helping of Argos that broke the Peace at Nicias?

Alcibiades

After Alcibiades left, they couldn’t agree on strategy and were eventually trapped by Sparta and which two were executed?

Nicias and Laicomus

What was the damage at Sicily to the Athenians?

50,000 Athenians killed, wounded, or captured

173 ships lost

Where does Sparta build a permenate base?

Decelea

Who helped Sparta build a fleet and why?

Persia and because Sparta gave them the cities they lost in the Persian War

What divided Athens into two?

Radical Democracy (sailors + rowers) vs Oligarchy (property class)

Who was the only place that stayed loyal to Athens?

Samos

While the Athenian Fleets were at Samos some powerful Athenians murdered key democrats to vote out _______

democracy

Who was the city under after Athens voted out Democracy?

The Four Hundred

Who refused to go along with the Four Hundred and made their own democracy at Samos?

The Athenian Fleet

Who did the Athenian Fleet call in to be their commander?

Alcibiades

Who defeated the Four Hundred and who replaced it?

Sparta and it was replaced by the 5,000

Sparta requests a peace treaty for the 2nd time during the 2 war and Athens says _____

no

Who did Alcibiades ravage when being reinstated into Athens?

Asia Minor

What destroyed Alcibiades rep?

His private get-a-way

When did Athens surrender?

in 404

What was agreed that the Athens had to in their surrendering?

Destroy the wall at Piraeus, surrender all their ships except 12, and come under an alliance under Sparta, also all the exiled oligarchs could return