Phil Soc Sci- L1

flashcards

Scientific Validity

The systematic process for validating or invalidating knowledge, often relying on empirical data and logical reasoning.

Validity

The best approximation of the truth regarding propositions or conclusions in scientific inquiry.

Nature of Truth

In scientific exploration, truth is viewed as unattainable, with continuous approximations as theories evolve.

Styles of Scientific Thinking

Different methodologies that scientists employ to explore, test, and understand phenomena.

Axiomatic Style

A scientific thinking style based on establishing first principles and logical deductions.

Experimental Style

A scientific thinking style that emphasizes observation and controlled measurement of phenomena.

Hypothetical-Analogical Style

A scientific thinking style that uses simulation and analogy to relate known characteristics to unknown phenomena.

Taxonomy Style

A scientific thinking style that involves classification and ordering of objects to highlight differences and similarities.

Probabilistic/Statistical Style

A scientific thinking style focused on investigating patterns through statistical analyses.

Genealogical Style

A scientific thinking style that analyzes historical sequences and patterns in the development of knowledge.

Post-Truth

A concept describing a contemporary discourse characterized by misinformation and subjective interpretation of facts.

Assumptions of Truth

Different scientific approaches that define truth uniquely, establishing specific criteria for falsity.

Continuous Updates in Science

The expectation for ongoing revisions in scientific approaches as they adapt to new evidence.

Knowledge Validity

The acknowledgment that valid knowledge represents an approximation of the truth, subject to change.

Popper's Demarcation

The distinction made by philosopher Karl Popper between science and non-science.

Falsification

The premise by Popper that emphasizes the importance of testing hypotheses rigorously.