15 c Italian Renaissance

Italian Renaissance significance

shift from medieval using mathematical linear perspective, revival of classical antiquity

Italian Renaissance period

15 century

Italian Renaissance Beliefs

Classicism (anatomy, proportion, nudity), Humanism (civic virtue, fame, human potential), Science (mathematical linear perspective), artist as important social figure

Italian Renaissance Context

Medici patronage and city-state competition

artist/title

Filippo Brunelleschi; Sacrifice of Isaac, (E. door competition of Baptistery of San Giovanni)

movement

15 c Italian Renaissance (florence)

significance

losing competition panel, shift from Gothic to Renaissance through emotional tension and physical energy of narrative

artist/title

Lorenzo Ghiberti; Sacrifice of Isaac, (E. bronze door competition of Baptistery of San Giovanni)

movement

15 c Italian Renaissance (florence)

significance

winning competition panel (cost effective), mastery of classical form/nudity, depth through linear perspective, and metalworking (less bronze)

artist/title

Lorenzo Ghiberti; Gates of Paradise ((E. bronze door, Baptistery of San Giovanni)

movement

15 c Italian Renaissance (florence)

significance

abandons Gothic trefoil with large panels using atmospheric/linear perspective to create realistic depth

artist/title

Lorenzo Ghiberti; Isaac and His Sons ((Gates of Paradise, E. bronze door, Baptistery of San Giovanni)

movement

15 c Italian Renaissance (florence)

significance

atmospheric/linear perspective with continuous narrative to show multiple biblical scenes in classical relief

title/artist

Donatello; Saint Mark (Or San Michele)

movement

15 c Italian Renaissance (florence)

significance

contrapposto restores human figure as confident, real, psychologically independent

artist/title

Donatello; Feast of Herod (Siena Cathedral Baptistry)

movement

15 c Italian Renaissance (siena)

significance

sciacciato (flattened relief) and linear perspective to create a deep, crowded narrative space

artist/title

donatello; david (Palazzo Medici)

movement

15 c Italian Renaissance (florence)

significance

classical nude, contrapposto, celebrates human potential and civic pride of Florence

artist/title

Donatello; Gattamelata (Piazza del Santo)

movement

15 c Italian Renaissance (padua)

significance

Roman monumental equestrian statue celebrating authority, fame, military power of a general Erasmo de Narni

artist/title

Andrea del Verrocchio, Bartolommeo Colleoni (Campo dei Santi Giovanni e Paolo)

movement

15 c Italian Renaissance (venice)

significance

equestrian statue toward greater dynamism and aggressive energy, reflecting general's power

artist/title

Gentile Da Fabriano; Adoration of the Magi Altarpiece (Strozzi chapel, Santa

Trinita)

movement

15 c Italian Renaissance (florence)

significance

International Gothic luxury with early Renaissance naturalism, using gold detail and realism for Florentine patronage and interest in natural world

artist/title

Masaccio; Tribute Money mural (Brancacci chapel, Santa Maria del Carmine)

movement

15 c Italian Renaissance (florence)

significance

St. Peter, atmospheric perspective/unified light to create a clear, realistic, human-centered narrative space

artist/title

Masaccio; Expulsion of Adam and Eve from Eden mural (Brancacci chapel, Santa Maria del Carmine)

movement

15 c Italian Renaissance (florence)

significance

emotional realism depicting human grief/shame through unidealized 3d bodies

artist/title

Paolo Uccello; Battle of San Romano (Palazzo Medici)

movement

15 c Italian Renaissance (florence)

significance

foreshortening/perspective to organize chaotic warfare into a controlled visual composition

artist/title

Fra Filippo Lippi; Madonna and Child with Angels

movement

15 c Italian Renaissance (florence)

significance

humanizes biblical figures (contemporary setting, natural beauty), accessible devotion

artist/title

Domenico Ghirlandaio; Adoration of the Shepherds (Santa Trinita)

movement

15 c Italian Renaissance (florence)

significance

combines classical (sarcophagi, triumphal arch) with realistic shepherds showing exchange between Florence and Flanders

artist/title

Domenico Ghirlandaio; Birth of the Virgin fresco (Santa Maria Novella)

movement

15 c Italian Renaissance (florence)

significance

sacred events in wealthy Florentine home connecting biblical stories with everyday life and moral instruction

artist/title

Domenico Ghirlandaio; Giovanna Tornabuoni

movement

15 c Italian Renaissance (florence)

significance

Renaissance humanism and individualism through profile portraiture that highlights the subjects intellect and status

artist/title

Sandro Botticelli; Primavera (Spring)

movement

15 c Italian Renaissance (florence)

significance

allegory of spring (poem by Angelo Poliziano) synthesizing classical mythology (Three Graces, Venus, marriage of Chloris) with refined, human-centered aesthetic, Medici propaganda (marriage, orange trees)

artist/title

Sandro Botticelli; Birth of Venus

movement

15 c Italian Renaissance (florence)

significance

mythological painting and classical nude in a poetic humanist style, earthly love as connection to god

artist/title

Filippo Brunelleschi; loggia (Hospital of the Innocents/Orphanage)

movement

15 c Italian Renaissance (florence)

significance

first building to embody new Renaissance architectural style, uses 10-braccia columns to create classical facade, replaces Gothic drama with mathematical harmony

artist/title

Filippo Brunelleschi; San Lorenzo Interior

movement

15 c Italian Renaissance (florence)

significance

restores romanesque basilican layout/Corinthian columns for mathematically harmonious space reflecting divine order/devotion

artist/title

Filippo Brunelleschi; Santo Spirito Interior

movement

15 c Italian Renaissance (florence)

significance

modular system to create harmonious, rational interior with restrained decoration, replacing Gothic emotion with classical reason

artist/title

Filippo Brunelleschi, Pazzi Chapel

artist/title

Filippo Brunelleschi; Pazzi Chapel

movement

15 c Italian Renaissance (Mantua)

significance

central plan architecture through geometry, modular design, pietra serena, emphasizing rational harmony and divine perfection

artist/title

Filippo Brunelleschi; Pazzi Chapel interior

artist/title

Luca della Robbia, Madonna and Child (Or San Michele)

significance

glazed terracotta and Renaissance naturalism to create refined civic and devotional sculpture

artist/title

Michelozzo di Bartolomeo, Palazzo Medici-Riccardi

significance

Medici power through 3 story palace combining Roman influence and modular design as both civic symbol and home

artist/title

Michelozzo di Bartolomeo, Palazzo Medici-Riccardi interior

significance

artist/title

Perugino, Christ Delivering the Keys of the Kingdom to Saint Peter

significance

one-point perspective system, divine and historical legitimacy of Papacy

title/artist

Leon Battista Alberti, Sant’Andrea

significance

classical triumphal arch and temple front for Christian architecture, beauty/devotion through mathematical ratios

artist/title

Andrea Mategna, Camera Picta (Painted Chamber)

significance

illusionism and foreshortening (Roman second-style) as political propaganda

artist/title

Andrea Mategna, Camera Picta (Painted Chamber)

significance

di sotto in sù (seen from below) illusionism, turning a ceiling into an open sky