A.2.2.1 Macronutrients

Why is food important for organisms?

to resupply itself with the materials it needs to survive and provide energy

Define undernourishment.

not receiving enough food to continue living

Define malnutrition.

refers to an unbalanced diet and not eating enough of a quantity of food

Define over-nutrition.

when the intake of nutrients is oversupplied

What are the energy content values per 100g for carbohydrates?

1760 kJ per 100g.

What are the energy content values per 100g for lipids?

4000 kJ per 100g.

What are the energy content values per 100g for protein?

1720 kJ per 100g.

What is adipose tissue and its function?

a type of connective tissue that stores fat, playing a crucial role in energy storage, insulation, and protection

What are the two types of fats?

saturated and unsaturated fats

What characterizes saturated fats?

have only single bonds between carbon atoms, are solid at room temperature, and can lead to heart diseases

What characterizes unsaturated fats?

have double bonds due to missing hydrogen, are liquid at room temperature, and can reduce the number of LDL cholesterol

What are trans fats?

man-made fats created by adding hydrogen to unsaturated fats, increasing food shelf life, and are worse than saturated fats

What are the main functions of amino acids?

growth, maintenance, repair of tissues, making enzymes, hormones, and antibodies

What are the four groups of functions for amino acids?

Structural, Protective, Transport, and Enzymatic

What are essential amino acids?

those that must be obtained through diet because they cannot be synthesized by the body

How many essential amino acids are there?

9

What are non-essential amino acids?

amino acids that are important for building proteins but can be synthesized by the body

How many non-essential amino acids are there?

11 main non-essential amino acids, 8 of which are conditional, meaning they may not be produced sufficiently in times of stress or illness