Primary Mathematics and Geometry Vocabulary

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering basic arithmetic, place value, time, units of measurement, and geometric shapes based on the lecture notes.

Sequence

An ordered list of numbers or shapes that follow a special rule or pattern.

Next

The next number in a counting line or the next item in an ordered pattern.

Previous

The number that comes just before another number in counting.

Ten

A group of $10$ single items that serves as the foundation of our place value system where numbers get value based on position.

Hundred

A group of $100$ individual ones, which can also be thought of as $10$ groups of $10$. In writing numbers, it is the third spot from the right.

Ones

The smallest, single building blocks used to count whole objects, located in the rightmost spot of a number.

Abacus

An ancient, hand-operated calculating tool made of a rectangular frame with rows of sliding beads.

Place value

The value of a digit based entirely on its position, where every place to the left is worth $10$ times more than the place to its right.

Empty Number Line

Also called an open number line, it is a blank straight line used to visualize math problems by drawing "jumps".

Add

The process of combining two or more groups to find a total, represented by the plus sign $(+)$, where the answer is called the sum.

Subtract

Taking a smaller number away from a larger number to find out how many are left.

Distance

A measurement of how much space is between two points or objects.

Digit

The single numbers $0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,$ and $9$ used in different combinations to represent all values in math.

Doubling

To represent twice the given amount or number.

Measurement

A system to measure the height, weight, capacity, or amount of certain objects.

Weight

Determines how heavy an object or quantity of a substance is.

Time interval

The amount of time that passes between two events or moments, measuring the duration of an activity.

Estimate

A smart, thoughtful guess used when an exact answer is not needed, using clues and patterns to find a number that is "close enough".

Seconds

The smallest standard unit used to measure time, where exactly $60$ seconds make one minute.

Minutes

A unit of time equal to $60$ seconds, where sixty minutes make up one hour.

Greater than

Used when one number is bigger or larger in size than another number, represented by the symbol $>$.

Less than

Used when one number or amount is smaller than another, represented by the symbol $<$.

Units

The name of the single thing being counted or measured, giving meaning to numbers by answering "how many?" or "how much?".

Grams (g)

A metric unit used to measure how light or heavy an object is.

Kilograms (kg)

The standard metric unit used to measure the mass of an object, which is exactly equal to $1,000$ grams.

Multiplication

The repeated addition of groups of equal sizes.

Circle

A closed, two-dimensional, curved shape.

Even

Any whole number that can be split into two equal groups with absolutely nothing left over.

Odd

A whole number that cannot be split into two equal groups, always leaving one left over if divided by $2$.

Decompose

To break a number or shape down into smaller, simpler parts.

Expanded form

A way to write a number that shows the value of each digit, such as writing $358$ as $300 + 50 + 8$.

Rows

A straight, horizontal line of numbers or objects that goes from left to right.

Columns

A vertical arrangement of numbers, shapes, or objects that goes straight up and down.

Deduce

To use logical steps to figure out a new answer based only on facts and rules already known.

Minuend

The starting number in a subtraction problem representing the total amount you begin with before taking anything away.

Subtrahend

The amount or number you take away from a bigger number in a subtraction problem, appearing right after the minus sign.

Rectangle

A shape with four straight sides and four corners that make perfect $90^{\circ}$ (right) angles, where opposite sides are equal and parallel.

Hexagon

A flat, $2$-dimensional shape with exactly six straight sides and six corners.

Bar graph

A math tool that uses rectangular bars to show and compare information, where taller bars represent larger amounts.

Data set

A collection of facts, numbers, or information about a specific topic.