Contemporary Philippine Society and Globalization

Flashcards covering the history of Philippine society, the mechanisms of globalization, and the World-System Theory as presented in the lecture notes.

Spanish colonization

A historical period that introduced Catholicism, the Spanish language, and Hispanic cultural elements to the Philippines.

American colonization

A period that brought Western education, democracy, and the English language to the Philippine islands.

Philippine Revolution ($1896-1898$)

An uprising led by Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Aguinaldo against Spanish oppression to fight for independence.

Bataan Death March

A major atrocity that occurred during the Japanese occupation in World War II.

Martial Law under Ferdinand Marcos ($1972-1986$)

A period of authoritarian rule characterized by political repression, censorship, human rights abuses, and centralized power.

People Power Revolution

A movement that resulted in the downfall of the Marcos dictatorship and restored democracy through collective action and nonviolent resistance.

Globalization

The process by which businesses, cultures, governments, and economies worldwide become increasingly interconnected and interdependent.

Cultural Exchange

The sharing of ideas, traditions, customs, and values between people from different backgrounds to build mutual understanding and break down stereotypes.

Neoliberalism

An economic idea supporting free markets, less government control, and personal freedom, encouraging open trade and the movement of goods.

Free market

An unregulated system of economic exchange where taxes, quality controls, and other centralized economic interventions by government are non-existent or minimal.

Cultural Homogenization

The process where global cultural diversity is reduced as local practices are replaced by or assimilated into a dominant global culture.

Technological Determinism

The concept that technology shapes society and drives globalization, changing how people interact and connect.

Economic Globalization

The increasing integration and interdependence of national economies through cross-border trade, international capital flow, and global labor movement.

Multinational Corporations (MNCs)

Companies that operate across multiple countries to leverage cost efficiencies and access different markets, such as Apple.

Cultural Globalization

The phenomenon where cultural practices and values are shared across national borders, often driven by technology and transportation.

Korean Wave (Hallyu)

A prime example of cultural globalization where a local product like K-pop achieves global prominence through media and technology.

Political Globalization

The increasing interconnectedness of political systems and the growing influence of international institutions on national and global politics.

United Nations

An international organization founded in $1945$ to promote peace, international cooperation, and security.

Technological Globalization

The development and spreading of technologies across international borders, creating global communities through platforms like social media.

Environmental Globalization

The interconnectedness of environmental issues like climate change and pollution that transcend national borders and require collaborative global efforts.

World-System Theory

A theory published by Immanuel Wallerstein in $1974$ that explains economic development through the division of labor between core, periphery, and semi-periphery regions.

Core

Strong, high-income, and industrialized countries that control global markets, such as the United States, Japan, and much of Western Europe.

Periphery

Less developed, low-income nations that provide raw materials and export labor, often requiring investment from other countries.

Semi-Periphery

Middle-income, industrializing countries like India, Brazil, and Turkey that process resources and are moving toward becoming core nations.

Parity Rights/Bell Trade Act

Laws that granted Americans equal rights to Filipinos to use natural resources and operate public utilities in the Philippines.

International Financial Institutions (IFIs)

Organizations like the World Bank and Asian Development Bank (ADB) that provide financial help for major infrastructure projects.

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

An organization providing short-term loans to countries in financial crisis to maintain economic stability and prevent collapse.

Transnational Corporations (TNCs)

Global companies that operate in multiple countries with the goal of maximizing profit by producing goods where it is cheapest.

Global Civil Society

International groups, including non-governmental organizations (NGOs) like The Red Cross, that advocate for human rights and social justice.