Cell Structure Part 1 - Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

Flashcards covering the definitions, structures, and functions of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, including measurement prefixes.

All living things are made of cells, which are the __________ of all life.

basic unit

Eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material (DNA) enclosed in a __________.

nucleus

__________ and __________ cells are both examples of eukaryotic cells.

Animal, plant

Bacterial cells are __________ cells.

prokaryotic

Prokaryotic cells are __________ than eukaryotic cells.

smaller

In prokaryotic cells, the DNA is a single loop and there may be one or more rings of DNA called __________.

plasmids

The prefix centi ($cm$) corresponds to the standard form __________.

$$10^{-2}$$

The prefix milli ($mm$) corresponds to the standard form __________.

$$10^{-3}$$

The prefix micro ($\mu m$) corresponds to the standard form __________.

$$10^{-6}$$

The prefix nano ($nm$) corresponds to the standard form __________.

$$10^{-9}$$

The __________ contains genetic material and controls the activities of the cell.

nucleus

The __________ is where most chemical processes take place, controlled by enzymes.

cytoplasm

The cell membrane controls the __________ of substances into and out of the cell.

movement

Most energy is released by __________ in the mitochondria.

respiration

__________ happens in the ribosomes.

Protein synthesis

In plant and algal cells, the cell wall is made of __________ to strengthen the cell.

cellulose

Chloroplasts contain __________, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

chlorophyll

The permanent vacuole is filled with __________ to help keep the cell turgid.

cell sap

A __________ is a small ring of DNA often used as a vector in genetic modification.

plasmid