Part 1 BIO 112

The theory of evolution by natural selection was proposed by which two independent scientists?

Charles Darwin, Alfred Wallace

Charles Lyell

earth is extremely old, uniformitarianism

Georges Cuvier

Fossils are a record of change over time

Jean Baptiste de Lamark

extinct species are replaced by descendants w/ new features

James Hutton

geography, gradualism

Bats, birds, and butterflies all have wings and yet are unrelated.  This is an example of

Convergent evolution

Cicadas of the genus Magicicada in North America spend 13 or 17 years underground as a nymph and then emerge, synchronously, all at once as a species, as adults to mate.  Which of the following would best describe the barrier to gene flow that would happen because some species of cicada emerge from the ground in different years?

temporal isolation

Which of the following is the best description of a biological species?

organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Several species of fish in the genus Astyanax occur only in the waters in completely dark underground caves.  These blind cave fish have no external eyes, but have very tiny and functionless eyes under the skin.  Genetic studies clearly indicate that the blind cave fish are evolved from surface-dwelling species with typical and functional eyes.  The eyes of these blind cave fish are, therefore, an example of

vestigial structures

Which of the following is an inference made by Charles Darwin as part of his theory?

There is unequal reproductive success among individuals because of heritable traits.

Which of these is a vestigial structure?

wing of a flightless kiwi bird

The amniotic sac surrounding the egg and developing embryo of mammals, birds, crocodiles, and lizards would be best described as a/n ______________ character.

homologous

Over long periods of time, many cave-dwelling organisms have lost their eyes. Tapeworms have lost their digestive systems. Whales have lost their hind limbs. How can natural selection account for these losses?

Under particular circumstances that persisted for long periods, each of these structures presented greater costs than benefits.

A species of garden snail is either solid brown , faintly striped or brightly striped. These colors are determined by a single gene B with incomplete dominance. A random sample of 100 snails was collected from an isolated population: 44 were brown (BB), 20 were faintly striped (Bb), and 36 were brightly striped (bb). What is the estimated frequency of the b allele in this population? Is this population evolving?

0.6, yes

One frog species in a pond has a low, slow-repeating mating call while another species in the same pond calls with a high-pitched trill. What type of reproductive barrier is keepting these species separate?

behavioral isolation

Which of the following describes the most likely order of events in allopatric speciation?

genetic isolation, genetic drift, divergence

When natural selection is at work, the individuals with the higher relative fitness are those who, compared to others in their population,

are leaving more viable offspring to the next generation.

Similarities between developmental stages of chickens and humans is an argument for

common ancestry