empires

Ottoman Empire

Known for military elites (Janissaries), religious tolerance, and the Sultan’s centralized rule.

Mongol Empire

Leaders were selected based on loyalty and merit, with a strong focus on military conquests.

China (Song Dynasty)

Civil service exams based on Confucianism for selecting government officials.

Janissaries

Elite soldiers in the Ottoman Empire, often recruited from Christian boys.

Bureaucracy

A system of government in which officials are selected for their roles, typically based on knowledge or loyalty.

Religious tolerance

The acceptance of different religious beliefs and practices, as promoted by the Ottoman Empire.

Great Wall of China

A series of fortifications built to protect China from invasions, constructed during the Qin and Ming Dynasties.

Centralized rule

A form of governance in which power is concentrated in a central authority.