ACIT 3495

What is the main purpose of a Dockerfile?

A. To provide a set of instructions for building a Docker image.

B. To manage persistent storage volumes (PVC) in a cluster.

C. To orchestrate multiple Kubernetes clusters across GCP and AWS.

D. To securely store sensitive information like passwords and API keys.

A. To provide a set of instructions for building a Docker image.

In Kubernetes, what is the smallest and simplest deployable computing object that you can create and manage?

A. ConfigMap

B. Pod

C. Service

D. StatefulSet

B. Pod

Which file format is typically used to define and configure multi-container Docker applications using Docker Compose?

A. YAML

B. XML

C. HTML

D. JSON

A. YAML

What Kubernetes component is primarily used to expose a running application (like a set of Pods) to network traffic?

 

A. CronJob

B. Secret

C. Probe

D. Service

D. Service

Which deployment strategy involves running two identical production environments, where only one serves live user traffic at a time, allowing for immediate rollbacks?

 

A. Canary deployment

B. Recreate deployment

C. Rolling update

D. Blue-green deployment

D. Blue-green deployment (Correct)

Which Docker command is used to list all currently running containers?

 

A. docker ps

B. docker build

C. docker run

D. docker images

A. docker ps (Correct)

In Kubernetes, what is the primary purpose of a ConfigMap?

 

A. To store non-confidential configuration data in key-value pairs.

B. To manage the scaling of pods automatically based on CPU usage.

C. To provide persistent physical storage for a database pod.

D. To store highly sensitive information like passwords and SSH keys securely.

A. To store non-confidential configuration data in key-value pairs.

Which Kubernetes object should you use to securely store sensitive information, such as database passwords or API tokens?

 

A. Persistent Volume Claim

B. Secret

C. ConfigMap

D. StatefulSet

B. Secret

What is the function of a Liveness Probe in Kubernetes?

 

A. To route external internet traffic to the correct internal service.

B. To check if a pod is ready to receive network traffic before adding it to the load balancer.

C. To automatically scale the number of pods based on incoming network traffic.

D. To determine if a container is running properly and restart it if it enters a broken state.

D. To determine if a container is running properly and restart it if it enters a broken state.

Which Kubernetes resource is best suited for running a specific task on a recurring schedule, such as a nightly database backup?

 

A. PersistentVolume

B. Deployment

C. CronJob

D. Service

C. CronJob

In Kubernetes, what is the primary role of a Persistent Volume Claim (PVC)?

 

A. To request a specific amount of storage resources for a pod to use.

B. To define the hardware specifications and limits of a worker node.

C. To route external HTTP traffic to internal services.

D. To automatically scale the number of pods based on CPU usage.

A. To request a specific amount of storage resources for a pod to use. (Correct)

What are Kubernetes labels primarily used for?

A.                To attach identifying metadata to objects like pods for grouping and selection. 

B.                To define the exact startup sequence of containers within a pod.

C.                To encrypt sensitive data stored in the cluster.

D.                To create isolated virtual networks for different namespaces.

 

A.  To attach identifying metadata to objects like pods for grouping and selection.

Which Kubernetes workload object is specifically designed to manage stateful applications, providing guarantees about the ordering and uniqueness of pods?

A.                ReplicaSet

B.                Deployment

C.                StatefulSet 

D.                DaemonSet

C.   StatefulSet

Which default Docker network driver provides a private internal network created on the host so containers on the same host can communicate with each other?

A.                host

B.                overlay

C.                bridge 

D.                macvlan

C.                bridge 

What is the function of the Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) in a Kubernetes cluster?

A.                It automatically increases or decreases the number of pod replicas based on observed metrics like CPU utilization. 

B.                It resizes the CPU and memory limits of an existing running pod without restarting it.

C.                It provisions new physical servers when the cluster runs out of memory.

D.                It automatically upgrades the Kubernetes control plane to the latest version.

 

A.                It automatically increases or decreases the number of pod replicas based on observed metrics like CPU utilization.

What is a Docker image?

A.                A running instance of a containerized application.

B.                A physical server used to host multiple containers.

C.                A read-only template containing instructions for creating a Docker container. 

D.                A networking protocol for container communication.

C.                A read-only template containing instructions for creating a Docker container.

Which command is used to build a Docker image from a Dockerfile?

A.                docker compose up

B.                docker build 

C. docker run

D. docker create

B.                docker build 

What is the defining characteristic of a Canary deployment strategy?

A.                Running a completely separate backup cluster in another region.

B.                Shutting down the production environment during updates.

C.                Releasing a new version to a small subset of users before a full rollout. 

D.                Completely replacing the old version with the new version instantly.

C.                Releasing a new version to a small subset of users before a full rollout.

In Kubernetes, what is the primary purpose of a Deployment object?

A.                To permanently store database files on a physical hard drive.

B.         To declaratively manage the creation, scaling, and updating of Pods and ReplicaSets.

C.                To route external HTTP traffic directly to a specific container port.

D.                To schedule one-time tasks that run to completion.

B.                To declaratively manage the creation, scaling, and updating of Pods and ReplicaSets.

What are the names of the fully managed Kubernetes services provided by Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Google Cloud Platform (GCP), respectively?

A.                Amazon EC2 and Google Compute Engine (GCE)

B.                AWS Lambda and Google Cloud Functions

C.                Amazon S3 and Google Cloud Storage

D.                Amazon EKS and Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) 

D.                Amazon EKS and Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)

Which instruction must typically be the very first line in a Dockerfile to define the base image for your container?

A.                FROM 

B.                RUN

C.                EXPOSE

D.                CMD

A.                FROM

Which command is used to build (if necessary), create, start, and attach to containers for all services defined in a docker-compose.yml file?

A.                docker-compose build

B.                docker-compose run

C.                docker-compose up 

D.                docker-compose start

C.                docker-compose up

In the context of tools like Kubernetes, what does 'container orchestration' primarily mean?

A.                Creating the physical hardware or virtual machines that host the containers

B.                Manually starting and stopping individual containers using command-line tools

C.                Automating the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications 

D. Writing the application code inside the container

C.                Automating the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications

While a Liveness Probe checks if a container is running, what is the specific purpose of a Readiness Probe in Kubernetes?

A.                To verify if the pod has successfully downloaded its Docker image

B.                To ensure the pod has consumed all available CPU resources

C.                To determine if the pod is ready to accept network traffic 

D.                To check if the pod's persistent volume is fully backed up

C.                To determine if the pod is ready to accept network traffic

Which Docker command is used to gracefully halt a running container by sending a SIGTERM signal?

A.                docker stop 

B.                docker pause

C.                docker kill

D.                docker terminate

A.                docker stop

What command is used to stop and remove all containers, networks, and default volumes created by 'docker-compose up'?

A.                docker-compose stop

B.                docker-compose delete

C.                docker-compose down 

D.                docker-compose halt

C.                docker-compose down

Which command-line tool is primarily used by administrators and developers to deploy and manage applications on a Kubernetes cluster?

A.              kubectl 

B.              kube-admin

C.              kube-cli

D.              docker-k8s

A.              kubectl

In a Dockerfile, which instruction is used to provide the default executable command that runs when a container is started?

A.                START

B.                RUN

C.                EXEC

D. CMD 

D. CMD 

In Kubernetes architecture, what is the standard term used for a worker machine that actually hosts the running Pods?

A.                Cluster

B.                Node 

C.                Namespace

D.                Control Plane

B.                Node

When using the 'docker run' command, which flag is required to map and publish a container's internal port to a specific port on the host system?

A.                -v

B.                -e

C.                -n

D.                -p 

D.                -p

Which Docker command is used to download an image from Docker Hub or another container registry without running it?

A.                docker pull 

B.                docker fetch

C.                docker download

D.                docker get

A.                docker pull

In a Dockerfile, which instruction is specifically used to copy files or directories from the host machine into the container's filesystem?

 

A.                TRANSFER

B.                IMPORT

C.                COPY 

D.                MOVE

C.                COPY

Which type of Kubernetes Service is typically used to expose an application to the external internet using a cloud provider's load balancer?

A.                LoadBalancer 

B.                NodePort

C.                ExternalName

D.                ClusterIP

A.                LoadBalancer

What is the primary purpose of using a Docker Volume?

A.                To manage the network configuration between multiple host machines

B.                To increase the CPU processing power of a container

C.                To compress Docker images to save disk space

D.                To persist data generated by and used by Docker containers

D.                To persist data generated by and used by Docker containers

In a docker-compose.yml file, which top-level key is used to define the different containers (like web servers or databases) that make up your application?

A.                pods:

B.                images:

C.                deployments:

D.                services: 

D.                services:

Which Docker command is used to remove a local Docker image from your system?

A.                docker rmi 

B.                docker purge

C.                docker rm

D.                docker delete

A.                docker rmi

By default, when you create a Service in Kubernetes without specifying a type, which type is assigned to restrict access to within the cluster only?

A.                ClusterIP 

B.                NodePort

C.                ExternalName

D.                LoadBalancer

A.                ClusterIP

In a Dockerfile, which instruction is used to define environment variables that will be available to the running container?

A.                ENV 

B.                VAR

C.                EXPORT

D.                SET

A.                ENV

In Kubernetes storage architecture, what does the abbreviation 'PV' stand for?

A.                Private Volume

B.                Pod Volume

C.                Primary Volume

D.                Persistent Volume

D.                Persistent Volume

Which command should you use to view a list of all Docker networks available on your Docker host?

A.                docker net view

B.                docker network ls 

C.                docker list network

D.                docker network show

B.                docker network ls

Which Docker command is used to fetch and view the console output generated by a running container?

A.                docker inspect

B.                docker print

C.                docker output

D.                docker logs 

D.                docker logs

Which Dockerfile instruction is used to indicate the ports on which a container will listen for connections at runtime?

A.                LISTEN

B.                PUBLISH

C.                PORT

D.                EXPOSE 

D.                EXPOSE

What happens automatically if a Pod managed by a Kubernetes Deployment crashes or is accidentally deleted?

A.                The Deployment sends an alert but leaves the Pod offline.

B.                The administrator must manually run a command to restore the Pod.

C.                The cluster shuts down temporarily to prevent data corruption.

D.                The Deployment automatically creates a new Pod to replace the lost one. 

D.                The Deployment automatically creates a new Pod to replace the lost one.

In a docker-compose.yml file, which keyword is used to express startup order, ensuring one service starts only after another service is ready?

A.                requires

B.                depends_on 

C.                start_after

D.                links_to

B.                depends_on

In Kubernetes, how is the configuration data stored inside a ConfigMap typically made available to an application running in a Pod?

 

A.                By injecting it as environment variables or mounting it as a file volume.

B.                By manually copying the files into the container using the kubectl cp command.

C.                By hardcoding the data directly into the application's Docker image.

D.                By requiring the application to query the external Kubernetes API directly.

A.                By injecting it as environment variables or mounting it as a file volume.

In a Dockerfile, which instruction is used to set the current working directory for subsequent instructions like RUN, CMD, and COPY?

A.                DIR

B.                CD

C.                CHDIR

D.                WORKDIR 

D.                WORKDIR

Which Docker command allows you to run a new command, such as opening an interactive bash shell, inside an already running container?

A.                docker start

B.                docker exec 

C.                docker run

D.                docker attach

B.                docker exe

IIn a docker-compose.yml file, which key is used to mount a host path or named volume to a directory inside a service's container?

A.                mounts

B.                disks

C.                storage

D.                volumes

D.                volumes

Which type of Kubernetes Service exposes an application on a specific static port across all worker nodes' IP addresses?

A.                ClusterIP

B.                LoadBalancer

C.                ExternalIP

D.                NodePort 

D.                NodePort

By default, how is the data within a Kubernetes Secret formatted when it is created using standard YAML manifests without additional encryption configurations?

A.                Encoded in Base64 

B.                Compressed as a ZIP file

C.                Encrypted using AES-256

D.                Hashed with SHA-256

A.                Encoded in Base64

What is the default filename that Docker Compose looks for when you execute its commands in a directory?

A.                docker-compose.yml 

B.                compose-setup.xml

C.                docker-config.json

D.                docker-stack.ini

A.                docker-compose.yml

Which Docker command is used to quickly clean up your environment by removing all stopped containers, unused networks, and dangling images?

A.                docker sweep

B.                docker clean all

C.                docker reset

D.                docker system prune 

D.                docker system prune

While the Horizontal Pod Autoscaler changes the number of running Pods, which Kubernetes component is specifically responsible for adding or removing underlying worker nodes based on resource demands?

A.                Cluster Autoscaler

B.                Node Balancer

C.                Vertical Pod Autoscaler

D.                ReplicaSet Controller

A.                Cluster Autoscaler

What is the primary function of the 'docker push' command?

A.                To extract the original source code from a built Docker image.

B.                To upload a local Docker image to a remote container registry like Docker Hub. 

C.                To push new configuration variables into a running container.

D.                To force a running container to instantly restart.

B.                To upload a local Docker image to a remote container registry like Docker Hub.

Unlike Pods managed by a standard Deployment, what unique characteristic applies to Pods managed by a Kubernetes StatefulSet?

A.                They bypass the Kubernetes scheduler and only run on control plane nodes.

B.                They automatically configure external load balancers without a Service object.

C.                They maintain a sticky, stable network identity and ordinal index. 

D.                They are designed to be completely stateless and ephemeral.

C.                They maintain a sticky, stable network identity and ordinal index.

Which Docker command is used to restart one or more previously stopped containers without creating a new container instance?

A.                docker start 

B.                docker build

C.                docker run

D.                docker init

A.                docker start

In Kubernetes, what is the primary purpose of a Namespace?

A.                To automatically encrypt all network traffic passing between pods

B.                To define the base operating system image for a container

C.                To provide a mechanism for isolating groups of resources within a single cluster  

D.                D. To physically separate worker nodes into different geographical data centers

C.                To provide a mechanism for isolating groups of resources within a single cluster

Which Kubernetes resource is used to route external HTTP and HTTPS traffic to different Services within the cluster based on URL paths or hostnames?

A.                Ingress

B.                Kubelet

C.                PersistentVolume

D.                ConfigMap

A.                Ingress

In a Dockerfile, which instruction is used to execute commands (such as installing software packages) during the image build process?

A.                CMD

B.                RUN 

C.                START

D.                EXEC

B.                RUN

What happens to the data stored in a container's default writable layer when the container is permanently removed, assuming no external volumes are attached?

A.                It is automatically backed up to the host system.

B.                It is transferred to a new container.

C.                It is saved in the Docker image.

D.                It is permanently lost.

D.                It is permanently lost.

Which component of the Kubernetes control plane acts as the highly available key-value backing store for all cluster data?

A.                kube-scheduler

B.                kube-apiserver

C.                kube-controller-manager

D.                etcd

D.                etcd

When using Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS) to run your workloads, which AWS service is typically used to provide the underlying virtual machines for the worker nodes?

A.                Amazon RDS

B.                Amazon S3

C.                AWS Lambda

D.                Amazon EC2

D.                Amazon EC2

In a docker-compose.yml file, which key is used under a service definition to specify the directory containing the Dockerfile needed to create a custom image? Hint: It tells Compose where to compile the image from.

A.                make

B.                compile

C.                build 

D.                image

C.                build

What is the primary purpose of a ReplicaSet in a Kubernetes cluster? Hint: Deployments use these under the hood to manage scaling.

A.                To ensure that a specified number of Pod replicas are running at all times 

B.                To route external network traffic to internal pods

C.                To securely store sensitive configuration data like passwords

D.                To automatically build container images from source code

A.                To ensure that a specified number of Pod replicas are running at all times

In a docker-compose.yml file, which key is specifically used to map a port on the host machine to a port inside the container? Hint: It is usually defined as a list of strings like '8080:80'.

A.                ports 

B.                expose

C.                links

D.                networks

A.                ports

Which of the following statements is true regarding containers inside a single Kubernetes Pod? Hint: Think about how closely coupled these containers are.

A.                They are completely isolated from each other and cannot communicate over localhost.

B.                They require a LoadBalancer Service to communicate with one another.

C.                They must run on different worker nodes to ensure high availability.

D.                They share the same network namespace, including the IP address and network ports. 

D.                They share the same network namespace, including the IP address and network ports.

Which kubectl command is used to revert a Kubernetes Deployment to its previous state if a new update causes issues? Hint: Think about 'undoing' a change.

A.                kubectl downgrade deployment

B.                kubectl rollout undo deployment

C.                kubectl revert deployment

D.                kubectl rollback deployment

B.                kubectl rollout undo deployment

In a docker-compose.yml file, which top-level key is used to define custom networks that your application containers can communicate over?

A.                links

B.                subnets

C.                networks 

D.                connections

C.                networks

By default, which update strategy does a Kubernetes Deployment use to gradually replace old Pods with new ones, helping to ensure zero downtime?

A.                Canary

B.                RollingUpdate 

C.                Recreate

D.                Blue-Green

B.                RollingUpdate

Which Docker command allows you to view the step-by-step layers and instructions that were used to build a specific Docker image?

A.                docker trace

B.                docker inspect

C.                docker layers

D.                docker history

D.                docker history