History Final Exam - Unit 2

Albany Congress and Plan of Union

plan to place the British North American colonies under a more centralized government.

French and Indian War

war fought between France and Great Britain to determine control of the vast colonial territory of North America

Pontiac’s Rebellion

Pontiac led a rebellion against British colonists after they expanded their military presence in the Great Lakes area during and after the French and Indian War.

Proclamation of 1763

British-produced boundary marked in the Appalachian Mountains at the Eastern Continental Divide that prohibited Anglo-American colonists from settling on lands acquired from the French following the French and Indian War.

Stamp Act

Required the colonists to pay a tax on various forms of papers, documents, and playing cards.

Quartering Act

Required colonial authorities to provide food, drink, quarters, fuel, and transportation to British forces stationed in their towns or villages.

Sons of Liberty

The Sons of Liberty was a loosely organized, clandestine, sometimes violent, political organization active in the Thirteen Colonies founded to advance the rights of the colonists and to fight taxation by the British government

Boston Tea Party

To protest British Parliament's tax on tea. "No taxation without representation." The demonstrators boarded the ships and threw the chests of tea into the Boston Harbor. The British government considered the protest an act of treason and responded harshly

Intolerable Acts

Boston Port Act, the Massachusetts Government Act, the Administration of Justice Act, and the Quartering Act. Passed by the British Parliament to punish the colony of Massachusetts Bay for the Boston Tea Party

Patrick Henry

"Give me liberty or give me death!"

“Common Sense”

Book by Thomas Paine to explain to the colonists that they must fight for independence from Britain

First Continental Congress

Delegates from twelve of Britain's thirteen American colonies met to discuss America's future under growing British aggression

Battle of Lexington and Concord

“The shot heard round the world" refers to the first shots fired by the colonial militia at Lexington and Concord, marking the beginning of the American Revolution

Second Continental Congress

Defacto government of a newly independent nation

Declaration of Independence

established and justified american independence from britain

Battle of Saratoga

turning point in the American struggle for independence

Battle of Yorktown

George Washington's decisive victory over General Lord Charles Cornwallis, last major battle of the Revolutionary War

Treaty of Paris (1783)

recognized U.S. independence and granted the U.S. significant western territory.

Describe the main causes and consequences of the French and Indian War.

cause: to maintain control of the land and their cultural future.

effect: provided Great Britain enormous territorial gains in North America, but disputes over subsequent frontier policy and paying the war's expenses led to colonial discontent, and ultimately to the American Revolution.

What role did colonial protests, such as the Stamp Act Congress and the Committees of Correspondence, play in fostering unity among the colonies?

fostered unity among the colonies by building a collaborative spirit and sharing information

Analyze the main arguments and ideals expressed in Thomas Paine's pamphlet, "Common Sense."

independence from England and the creation of a democratic republic

What were the advantages and disadvantages for the Colonists and the British in the Rev War?

Colonists were fighting for independence, on their own turf, had strong leaders, and were allied with france

British had a larger military, better funding, better training, a navy, and support from some colonists

Describe the significance of the battles of Lexington and Concord in the outbreak of the American Revolution.

marked the start of the American War of Independence, persuaded many Americans to take up arms and support the cause of independence.

Discuss the contributions and leadership of George Washington during the American Revolution.

His leadership held the American military together to secure victory at Yorktown and independence for the nation

Explain the importance of the Battle of Saratoga in gaining French support for the American cause.

turning point in the American Revolution that convinced France to join the war on the side of the United States. The victory boosted American morale and gave the French the confidence to sign treaties of alliance and trade with the Americans

What were the main provisions of the Treaty of Paris 1783, and how did it establish American independence?

British recognition of U.S. independence and the delineation of boundaries that would allow for American western expansion

How did the Treaty of Paris 1783 shape the United States as a new nation?

Ended the American Revolution and gave the U.S. territory