Kinesiology Exam #2

What is Sports Psychology?

The study of the psychological factors that come into play before, during, and after sport performance situations and the application of that knowledge.

What are the main objectives of Sports Psychology?

To understand how psychological factors can affect sport performance and how to manipulate these factors to create more positive sport performance outcomes.

What does Applied Sport Psychology focus on?

Using theoretical concepts in real world settings to enhance performance and well-being.

Who is considered the father of Sport Psychology?

Coleman Griffith, known for his contributions in the early 20th century.

What did Norman Triplett study?

The social effect on performance using cycling studies.

What was the focus of Dorothy Yates's research?

The effect of relaxation techniques on collegiate athletes, particularly boxers.

What was significant about the 1960s in Sports Psychology?

It marked a period of growth for Sport Psychology as an academic discipline.

What are the three orientations in Sport Psychology?

Psychophysiological, social-psychological, and cognitive-behavioral.

What does the Psychophysiological approach focus on?

Physiological processes happening within the brain and body pertaining to sport and exercise behavior.

What impacts behavior according to the social-psychological orientation?

The interaction between environmental and personal factors.

According to the cognitive-behavioral approach, what influences behavior?

Individuals' thoughts and beliefs or cognitions.

What are common research methods in Sport and Exercise Psychology?

Questionnaires, interviews, observations, physiological measures, biochemical measures, and content analysis.

What is intrinsic motivation?

Motivation that comes from within, such as personal satisfaction or enjoyment.

What is extrinsic motivation?

Motivation driven by external factors such as rewards or recognition.

What does the Achievement Goal Theory propose?

Individuals create goals based on either task-or ego orientations, which influence motivation.

According to Attribution Theory, what are the three main categories influencing success and failure?

Stability, locus of causality, and locus of control.

What principle outlines the systematic practice of psychological skills?

Psychological Skill Development (PSD).

What is team cohesion?

The total field of forces that act on members to remain in a group.

What are the stages of group development according to Tuckman?

Forming, storming, norming, and performing.

What does the principle of overload refer to in exercise training?

To stimulate training adaptations, the body must be stressed beyond normal levels.

What is the primary focus of Exercise Physiology?

The study of how the body responds and adapts to physical stress.

What is the difference between acute and chronic exercise?

Acute exercise is a sudden and immediate response, while chronic exercise refers to gradual and long-term adaptations.

What is the body’s fuel source during exercise?

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP).

What are the health-related components of physical fitness?

Aerobic capacity, body composition, flexibility, muscular endurance, and muscular strength.

What is the Principle of Reversibility?

When the stress is no longer present, adaptations are lost.

What does motor behavior study encompass?

How humans regulate, control body movement, relearn skills, and how movement changes over a lifespan.

What is Fitts’ Law related to motor behavior?

It observes the relationship between speed and accuracy in aiming tasks.

What are the three types of research in biomechanics?

In vivo, in vitro, and in silico.

What does the term kinesiology refer to?

The study of human movement.

What is torque in biomechanics?

The turning effect of a force on a rigid body about a pivot point.

What are internal and external forces?

Internal forces are produced within the body, while external forces come from outside the body.

What is the relationship between force and energy?

An effective force can change a body's energy or do mechanical work.

What is the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC)?

A concentric muscle action that is immediately preceded by an eccentric muscle action.

What is the purpose of biomechanics?

To help people move better, improve performance, and reduce the risk of injury.

What is muscular endurance?

The ability of a muscle to sustain repeated contractions over time.

What does the Challenge Point Framework

Consider optimal task difficulty and skill level for effective motor learning.

What are common applications of Sport Psychology?

Physical therapy, coaching, organizational training, fitness programs and athletic training.

What is self-perception in Sports Psychology?

An individual's view of their own abilities, which affects motivation.

What is the primary goal of exercise physiology?

To understand physiological responses and adaptations to physical activity.

What are the four major areas of biomechanics?

Sport and Exercise, Occupational, Forensic, and Clinical.

How does the body adapt to repeated stress according to physiological training adaptation?

Healthy individuals exhibit slower heart rates under less stress compared to unhealthy individuals.