Art History Review: From De Stijl to Video Art

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the major art movements, artists, and specific works mentioned in the lecture notes, from the early 20th century through the postwar period.

De Stijl

A movement and magazine founded in $1917$ by Mondriaan and Doesburg with the goal of achieving international unity in life, art, and culture.

Rietveld

A member of De Stijl known for the Red-Blue chair, which featured an open, light structure and primary colors inspired by Mondriaan.

Bauhaus

A German art academy founded by Gropius that aimed to bring art and craft together to stimulate student personal artisticity.

Entartete Kunst

A mocking exhibition of modern art created by Hitler, which eventually led many artists to flee to America.

Wassily-chair ($3B$)

A tubular frame chair designed by Breuer, inspired by a bicycle and named after Kandinsky who was a fan of the design.

Art Deco

An eclectic and luxurious design style prominent between $1910$ and $1940$, inspired by modern art, cubism, and the Ballets Russes.

Exposition internationales des arts décoratifs et industriels modernes

The exhibition from which the name 'Art Deco' or 'style moderne' originated.

Palais Stoclet

A villa designed by Hoffman (with Klimt and Moser) where the interior, garden, and furniture formed a unified, luxurious design.

Le Corbusier

A founder of modern architecture whose work featured reinforced concrete, glass, functionality, and horizontal windows.

Maison Guiette

Located in Wilrijk, this is the only building by Le Corbusier in Belgium and served as a studio for painter Gillet.

Neue Sachlichkeit

Also known as 'New Objectivity,' a German movement where artists like Grosz and Dix depicted the harsh and ugly side of reality post-war.

Retour à l'ordre

A French movement focused on a return to order and classical beauty, featuring elegant nudes and sunny still lifes.

Valori Plastici

An Italian magazine that promoted interest in traditional painting themes like landscapes and still lifes, influencing artists like Morandi.

Regionalisten

American artists, such as Grant Wood, who remained in their own regions to depict local life and create a distinct American art history.

American Gothic

A famous painting by Grant Wood depicting rural life with models including his sister and dentist, featuring a gothic-style house.

Flemish Expressionists

A group of artists, also known as the Latemse School, who integrated elements of cubism and expressionism into figurative painting.

Surrealism

A movement launched by André Breton in $1924$ that focused on the subconscious, dreams, and automatic writing, inspired by Sigmund Freud.

Frottage

A Surrealist technique where paper is rubbed with a pencil over a rough surface to recognize and create unexpected forms.

Grattage

A technique involving the layering of paint over an object with structure to create textures.

Cadavre exquis

A Surrealist collaborative game where artists contribute to a drawing by folding the paper to hide previous sections.

The Persistence of Memory

A $1931$ painting by Dali inspired by Einstein's relativity and a vision of melting camembert cheese.

Mobiles

Abstract, movable structures created by Alexander Calder that are considered spatially abstract works.

Méret Oppenheim

A Surrealist artist famous for 'Déjeuner en fourrure,' which features a fur-covered cup, saucer, and spoon.

Henry Moore

A sculptor known for simplified reclining figures and introducing the 'hole' or opening in stone sculpture.

Abstract Expressionism

The first major American art movement after WWII, born in New York, categorized into Action Painting and Color Field Painting.

Action Painting

A style also called 'gestural abstraction' where the emphasis is on the physical act of splashing, dripping, or moving paint.

Color Field Painting

A style using large areas of color to evoke meditative moods, focusing on vibratory dunne verflagen (thin layers of paint).

Francis Bacon

An artist known for grotesque, dark portraits that projected the inner emotions of people, such as 'Study for the Three Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion.'

L’art informel

A term for 'other' art that moved away from traditional rules, exemplified by Jean Dubuffet's use of thick impasto.

Cobra

An art movement (Copenhagen, Brussels, Amsterdam) that valued spontaneous experimentation, child-like naiveté, and collaboration.

Pop Art

A $1960s$ movement using industrial methods and motifs from consumer society like advertisements and comic strips.

Zeefdruk (Serigraphy)

A screen-printing technique used by Andy Warhol to mass-produce images at 'The Factory.'

Encaustiek

A painting technique using beeswax, used by Jasper Johns in his 'Flag' paintings.

Independent Group

A British group of artists fascinated by consumer culture, who organized the 'This is Tomorrow' exhibition.

Nouveau Réalisme

A French movement where artists like Yves Klein and Niki de Saint-Phalle used waste products of modern society in their art.

Happening

A playful, interactive art event typical of the $1960s$, where the audience participates.

Fluxus

An international movement led by George Maciunas that claimed everything can be art and anyone can make it.

Conceptuele kunst

Art where the idea or concept is the most important element, and the physical execution is secondary.

Minimal Art

A sculptor movement from the early $1960s$ characterized by minimal forms, lack of personal expression, and base units.

Land Art

A movement from the $1970s$ that uses nature as a medium, often leaving temporary marks that eventually disappear.

Arte Povera

'Poor Art,' a movement using cheap, everyday materials to connect modern life with the past.

Video Art

A genre emerging from new video technology, pioneered by Nam June Paik and furthered by Bill Viola.