APUSH Unit 3 - Revolution + Confederation

What caused the 1st Continental Congress?

The Intolerable Acts - and to be able to respond to British threats on their liberties.

Pre-Revolution, what was the goal of most colonists?

They just wanted the rights of normal British citizens.

What were the views of the delegates at the Continental Congress?

They ranged from conservative to radical.

Who was the president of the Continental Congress?

George Washington

What were the effects did the Continental Congress have on the colonies?

United colonists who sought change + passed various Resolves

What were the Suffolk Resolves?

To repeal the Intolerable Acts + to boycott British goods

What was the Declaration and Resolve?

To have parliament restore colonial rights

What was parliaments reaction to the Resolves?

Outraged - sent many troops to Mass. to suppress revolution (led to 1st Revolutionary battles)

What was Lexington and Concord? (1775)

First battle of the American Revolution - British sought to seize mil. supplies in Concord, and minutemen tried to stop them

Where/When was the 1st shot of the American Revolution?

Lexington

What was the outcome of the battle of Lexington and Concord?

Colonists retreated in Lexington, but more minutemen ambushed the British in Concord, and the British retreated.

What was the Battle of Bunker Hill?

First major "official" battle - heavy casualties - British won

What happened in the 2nd Continental Congress? - May 1775

delegates thought we should seek independence - led to writing the Declaration of Independence in July

What was the outcome of the 2nd Continental Congress?

Established the Continental Army - led by Washington + declared independence from Britain

What was the "Olive Branch Petition"?

Petition send by the delegates - pledging their loyalty to the crown, and restore peace

What was King George III's response to the Olive Branch Petition?

He dismissed it and agreed to the Prohibitory Act, declaring the colonies in rebellion.

What was "Common Sense"

A pamphlet that greatly influenced the colonists' idea of independence

When did the Colonies declare their independence?

July 4, 1776

What percentage of colonists were patriots?

40%

What were patriots role in the revolution? (Militarily)

Never served for long periods of time (still employed)

What did both Britain and Congress offer slaves if they fought?

Freedom

What were Tories?

People who stayed loyal to the king (20-30% of colonists)

Which side did the Amerindians support?

British - to prevent Westward expansion

What were the first couple years of the Rev. war like?

Patriots heavily struggled - lost Philly/NY - horrible economy - scarce goods - worthless money

What was the importance of the Battle of Saratoga?

Turning point of the war - first patriot victory on a field battle - prompted France to ally with the patriots (not to help Patriots, but to hurt Britain)

How did the French's alliance affect the patriots?

Supplied them with money / supplies - declared war with Britain in Europe (forced Britain to spread out resources)

What was the Battle of Yorktown?

Last battle of the Rev. War - French navy ambushed British - forced British to surrendee

What was the Treaty of Paris? (1783)

Officially recognized US as an independent nation + set the Miss. River as its western boundary

What happened to the Colonies after the War?

13 colonies - each turned into States w/ their own constitution

What was the main debate regarding government after independence?

The amount of rights the states / federal government should have

What did each state have?

self-government, a list of rights, separation of powers, and voting rights

What were the Articles of Confederation?

Document that organized the government - with only a Congress that couldn't collect taxes + a committee of states that could only make small decisions

What was the only accomplishment of the Articles?

The Northwest Ordinance - created a precedent for new states to be added to the Union, no slavery, and promoted education

How could a territory become a state?

The population needed to be 60,000

What was the key problem with the articles?

The central government was very weak

What was the economy like post-war?

In-debt, worthless paper money, and had no taxing power

What were the US's early foreign relations like?

Not-respected - due to being a poor, new nation that wasn't truly "united"

What was Shay's Rebellion?

A rebellion of farmers over the high-taxes (exposed the weakness of the Fed. Gov. while under the articles.

What was the social change in the states after the war?

Felt national pride

What did getting rid of Aristocratic Titles show?

The shift in US society towards equality - "all men are created equal"

What was women's role in the revolution?

Ran the economy while the men were away fighting. - still 2nd class citizens

How did slavery change after the Rev. War?

Got rid of the importation of slaves (legally) + and the northern states quickly abolished slavery.

What was the primary military tactic of the Continental Army?

Guerilla Warfare tactics

Who was Baron von Steuben?

A German drill master, who trained the Continental Army

What was "republican motherhood"?

The idea that it was up to women to teach their children (and husbands) good republican morals

What key concept was our nation founded upon?

Our country is founded on God, and the authority is in the people not the government

Who could vote initially after the war?

Land-owning white males