Comm Arts 345 Exam 3

findings of research on self-affirmation

Participants preferred spending time on their Facebook profile after encountering negative feedback

optimal match model

Social support is most effective when the needs of the support-seeker align with the resources of support

tangible social support

support that is concrete (providing soup)

bridging social ties

weak ties; provides:

• providing new perspectives

• non-redundant information

• integration into the broader community

bonding social capital

strong ties; homophily; provides:

• emotional support

• tangible assistance

Sociometer theory

argues that these fluctuations occur as a response to individuals’ perceptions of their social belongingness

Self-esteem

the global evaluations people make of themselves

social feedback

responses and reactions we get from friends/followers

multiplex

The face-to-face relationships that we utilize for social support (i.e., with friends, family, romantic partners)

Social support

comfort, assistance, and reassurance that people experience as a function of social relationships

homophily

the media’s ability to assemble people with similar experiences, such that they can learn from each other, and offer the kind of understanding and empathy that only someone who has gone through the same predicament can

uniplex

the only activity undertaken by the people involved is the exchange of social support (online support)

upward social comparison

looking “up” at someone (think someone else on social media is doing better than me)

downward social comparison

looking “down” on someone on social media (think you are doing better than them)

social compensation theory

individuals who are lonelier and more socially anxious leverage on online communication

capitalization during positive events

• increases event salience

• increases event memorability

problematic internet use

• compulsive

• excessive

social media addiction

• tolerance (needing to use social media more and more as time passes)

• with drawl (negative feelings and intrusive thoughts when not using social media)

• negative effects (interference with one’s everyday life)

• compulsion (inability to stop using media)

what is the most useful way of acquiring bridging social capital from facebook

direct communication through instant messaging and commenting

social sharing

includes a capitalization component, where individuals who share positive events experience positive outcomes

displacement hypothesis

(not supported by research) the more we interact with people online, the less we will interact with them in real life

face to face fallacy

People can only have meaningful social interactions with others in FTF settings

two affordances of texting and phoning that makes them appealing

accessibility and low effort

Reinforcement hypothesis

talking to people online shoud increase our communication with them in person (supported by research)

negative event affordance needs

• not to be judged negatively

• to recieve support

positive event affordance needs

• to share immediately

• to share widely

capitalization

positive event makes us feel good, but telling others makes it feel better (only for positive things)

social capital

the sum of the resources that accure. to an individual by virtue of possessing a durable network of relationships of mutual acquaintance and recognition

rich-get-richer hypothesis

users who were already doing well would accrue more social capital from facebook than users who weren’t doing well (not supported)

poor-get-richer hypothesis

users who were not doing well would accrue more social capital from facebook use than users who were doing well (supported by research)

adolescent well being and online communication

negative but very small

depressive symptoms and screen time relationship

NO connsistant longitudinal association between the two

active uses

directly communicating with other people (DMs, snaps, liking)

passive uses

looking up information posted by or about other people without directly interacting with them (surveillance)