UW Bio 180 Exam 4 | Quizlet

ecology

the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment

biodiversity measurements

genetic diversity

species richness

species diversity

functional diversity

phylogenetic diversity

genetic diversity

number of alleles- heterozygosity

species richness

number of species

species diversity

number of species- weighted by frequency

functional diversity

number of functional groups

phylogenetic diversity

most common ancestor, how spread out on phylogenetic tree

functional group

group of organisms that share common ecological and ecosystem traits

primary productivity

productivity of producers in an ecosystem

gross primary productivity

(GPP), total energy captured by producers

net primary productivity

(NPP), NPP=GPP- R

sampling effect

as you add more species, you are more likely to get one with exceptionally high productivity

resource use efficiency

different species use resources in different ways, overall resource use is higher

facilitation

as you add more species you are more likely to see mutualistic interactions that increase overall biomass productivity

patterns in NPP

NPP is highest on land- temperature and moisture limit productivity on land

where is there a high NPP/lm^2

tropical rainforest, coral reefs, wetlands,

where does NPP come from

so much of the total NPP come from the open ocean because it is so big

food chain

producer (trophic level 1), primary consumers (trophic level 2), secondary consumers (trophic level 2), so on

as you move up trophic level energy is lost due to warming the body or metabolic processes

evolving behavioral traits

must be heritable variations in behavior leading to differences in reproductive success - do common garden experiment to see if behavior is due to genetics or habitat

disturbance

any event that disrupts the structure/function of an ecosystem

performance curve

tropical species have less temperature range

high latitudes have higher temperature range

succession

a process where species composition changes over time

early successional species

alter the physical environment in ways that favor late successional species

late successional species

are much better competitors than early successional species

fitness tradeoff

a situation where increasing one aspect of an organism's fitness (like reproductive success) comes at the expense of another (like survival)

resistance

ability to withstand a disturbance without significant damage

resilience

capacity to recover or return to its original state after a disturbance