Learning and Motivation in Schools

A collection of vocabulary flashcards to aid in the understanding of learning and motivation themes relevant to future roles as school counselors.

Intrinsic Motivation

Doing an activity for its inherent satisfaction rather than for separable consequences.

Motives

Internal drives that energize, direct, and sustain behavior.

Goals

Explicit outcomes or targets that individuals aim to achieve.

Motivation Equation

A formula representing motivation as the product of expectancy and value.

Expectancy

Cognitive factor regarding one's belief in their capability to perform.

Value

Emotional factors that reflect personal interests and the importance of goals.

Self-efficacy

Belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required for a specific goal.

Behaviorism

A learning theory that focuses on observable behavior rather than internal mental processes.

Operant Conditioning

Learning that occurs through consequences of behavior, where the behavior is reinforced or punished.

Punishment

Introducing a negative stimulus or withdrawing a positive reinforcer to suppress behavior.

Reinforcement

A consequence that strengthens behavior, making it more likely to occur in the future.

Positive Reinforcement

Adding a pleasant stimulus after a response to increase that behavior.

Negative Reinforcement

Increasing a behavior by removing an aversive stimulus.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

A motivational theory proposing that human needs are organized in a hierarchy.

Achievement Motivation

Striving to become proficient in effortful activities.

Self-Actualization

The need to realize one's potential and pursue personal growth.

Deficiency Needs

Basic needs that, when unmet, motivate behavior to reduce those deficits.

Behavior Modification

A treatment approach that replaces undesirable behaviors with more desirable ones using behaviorist principles.

Attribution Theory

Explains individual explanations for behavior and their effects on motivation.

Social Emotional Learning (SEL)

Interventions aimed at developing emotional skills used to manage emotions and build relationships.

Behavioral Extinction

Stopping reinforcement of previously reinforced behaviors.

Core Beliefs

Deeply held beliefs about oneself and the world that shape thought and behavior.

Emotional Engagement

The degree to which students connect emotionally with learning tasks.

Conscious Motives

Motives that are known and recognized by the individual.

Implicit Beliefs

Unconscious beliefs that affect behavior and motivation.

Cognitive Interest

Desire to obtain knowledge about a particular topic.

Task Value

Perceived importance or utility of a task to individual goals.

Mastery Goals

Goals focused on learning and understanding content rather than external evaluations.

Performance Goals

Goals centered around demonstrating competence relative to others.

Emotional Factors in Learning

Aspects such as importance, fun, authenticity, and learner-centered approaches that influence motivation.

Expectations

Predictions about future performance based on previous experiences.

Vicarious Learning

Learning that occurs by observing the behavior of others.

Self-Regulation

The ability to monitor and control one's own learning behaviors and outcomes.

Intrinsic Value Judgments

Assigning personal importance to tasks one finds enjoyable or challenging.

Social Context

The environment that influences learning through shared community and connections.

Cultural Influences

Social and cultural factors that affect motivation and engagement in learning.

Collaborative Learning

Learning that involves working together with others to enhance understanding.

Autonomy

The sense of choice and control over one's learning process.

Competence Appraisals

Assessments of one's effectiveness and capabilities in achieving tasks.

Emotion-Focused Strategies

Approaches that address the emotional aspects of learning to encourage student engagement.

Ecological Systems Theory

A framework understanding how various environmental systems interact in a student’s life.

Supportive Learning Environment

An environment that fosters safety, respect, and encouragement for students.

Peer Influence

The impact that peers have on an individual's behavior and learning choices.

Teacher-Student Relationships

The dynamic interactions between teachers and students that influence student motivation.

Affective Interest

Emotional engagement with the subject matter, which can enhance learning.

Group Dynamics

Interactions within a group that can affect individual and group performance.

Emotional Regulation

The ability to understand and manage emotions in oneself and others.

Achievement Related Needs

Individual's driving forces that shape their approach to success and challenges.

Cognitive Behavioral Techniques

Strategies that integrate cognitive and behavioral approaches for effective outcomes.

Feedback Processing

How individuals interpret and respond to feedback received on their performance.

TARGET

An acronym representing the elements that influence student motivation: Task, Authority, Recognition, Grouping, Evaluation, and Time.

Learning Styles

The varying ways in which individuals learn, often categorized into visual, auditory, and kinesthetic styles.

Influences on Motivation

Factors that can impact a person's motivation, including intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, social dynamics, and environmental context.

Environment Fit

The degree to which an educational environment aligns with an individual's learning preferences and needs.

Types of Engagement

Different forms of engagement in learning, including behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement.

Characteristics of Suitable Models

Attributes of effective educational models, such as adaptability, student-centeredness, and evidence-based practices.

Cognitive and Emotional Processes in Learning and Motivation

The interplay between cognitive factors (like thinking and understanding) and emotional factors (like feelings and attitudes) that influences learning outcomes.

Supporting Low Achievers

Strategies and methods aimed at helping students who struggle academically to improve their performance and engagement in learning.