Power Chart

What are the main functions of Congress in the legislative process?

They sponsor, debate, and pass legislation; override presidential vetoes; introduce legislation against executive orders; propose constitutional amendments; initiate impeachment hearings; conduct oversight.

How can Congress override a presidential veto?

Congress can override a presidential veto with a ⅔ majority in both chambers.

What power does the Senate hold regarding presidential appointees?

The Senate has the Advice and Consent power to confirm presidential appointees after hearings.

What is the significance of the 'Power of the purse' in Congress?

It allows Congress to increase or decrease budget appropriations for bureaucratic agencies or executive actions.

What are formal powers of the President?

Formal powers include selecting Cabinet secretaries, vetoing bills, nominating federal judges, and granting pardons.

What is an informal power of the President related to federal funds?

The President can threaten to withhold federal funds from cities or states.

What is the rule of 4 in the context of the judiciary?

Four justices must agree to grant a petition for certiorari to hear a case.

What is an amicus curiae brief?

It is a document submitted by someone not party to a case, offering information or arguments for the court's consideration.

How can interest groups influence legislation?

Interest groups can donate money to candidates, encourage members to vote, contact lawmakers, stage protests, and run advertisements.

What actions can individual citizens take to influence their lawmakers?

Citizens can vote, volunteer for candidates, directly contact lawmakers, and propose initiatives.