VM323 - HW Weeks 10-16

Amphibians require a humidity of approximately __% to remain healthy.

80

The best method of achieving anesthesia in amphibians is:

immersing the animal in water containing an anesthetic

What species is unique in that it retains a tadpole-like appearance throughout its adult life?

Azolotls

If a blood sample is required from a frog, the preferred vessel to obtain the sample is the:

ventral abdominal vein

A frog presents with hyperemia on the ventral skin, subcutaneous edema, petechia, and ecchymotic hemorrhage. What is the most like cause of these symptoms?

Cutaneous bacterial infection

Which unique feature of amphibians allows for respiration through the skin?

Mucous glands

All amphibians can be maintained or housed in a plastic glass aquarium. Why is this the recommended type of housing?

Smooth sides to prevent damage to skin

Why is it best to handle amphibians with wet hands or gloves?

To prevent abrading the delicate skin of the animal

The amphibian heart has how many chambers?

3

The goal for proper nutrition of amphibians is:

replicate the natural diet as much as possible

What is the main disadvantage of using wild caught fish in research?

Wild caught can harbor a number of potential human pathogens

Most fish that are kept as pets or used in biomedical research should be kept in water with an ambient temperature of?

76-78° F

What is the ideal ambient water temperature for goldfish or koi?

65-68° F

The presence of which chemical in municipal tap water is most likely to be toxic to aquatic animals?

Chlorine

What is the maximum blood volume that should be collected from a healthy fish?

No more than 1% of body weight

What drug is most commonly used for the euthanasia of fish?

MS222

Gas exchange in fish takes place:

In the small blood vessels of the gills

One of the main reasons the use of fish in biomedical research is increasing is due to:

increasing focus on finding replacement animal models for higher vertebrate species

Which species of fish is the most commonly used in biomedical research due to its almost transparent embryo?

Zebrafish

Which vessel is the primary site for venipuncture in fish?

Caudal tail vein

Rabbit teeth have open roots and continue to grow throughout the animals' life. What is the term to describe this type of teeth?

Hypsodontic

Cleaning rabbit cages often requires the use of an acidic cleaner:

to remove the deposits formed by highly crystalline urine

The best vessel to use for intravenous injections in rabbits is the:

marginal ear vein

Rabbit fever is another name for which zoonotic disease and can be fatal in humans if not treated?

Tularemia

Which condition is commonly called the slobbers and is a result of chronic drooling caused by malocclusion in rabbits?

Moist dermatitis

When a small volume of blood is needed, which vessel is the preferred one to use?

Marginal ear vein

The ideal temperature range for indoor rabbits is:

62-70° F

Which respiratory infection is often called snuffles and is the most common bacterial infection in rabbits?

Pasteurellosis

The most common breed of rabbit used in biomedical research is the:

New Zealand White

Which of the following can be the greatest risk of happening if a rabbit's hind legs are not supported when handling the animal?

Spinal cord injury

A female ferret is called a:

Jill

Which neoplasia of the beta cells of the pancreatic islets is the most common in ferrets?

Insulinoma

The musky smell of ferrets can be attributed to their:

sebaceous glands

Which method of restraint can be used to calm a ferret for simple procedures such as nail trimming?

Grasping the skin over the back of the neck and suspending the animal

A ferret presents with weight loss, ataxia, and progressive wasting, and the clinical diagnostics indicate signs of glomerulonephritis. What is the most likely problem?

Aleutian disease virus

At what temperature are ferrets prone to heat stroke?

85 degrees F

Which type of injection may require a longer needle in fall and winter months as the animal develops a thick layer of fat during this time?

SQ

Why should boxes or towels be provided in ferret cages?

They allow them to burrow and hide

Which disease has near 100% mortality rate in unvaccinated ferrets?

Distemper

Ferrets have been used to study which disease of dogs?

Distemper

The taxonomic name for the most common rat used in biomedical research is:

Rattus sp.

Which of the following bedding materials for mice or rats may affect hepatic enzymes and could cause respiratory problems?

Cedar shavings

The taxonomic name for the laboratory mouse is:

Mus musculus

If a rat has a wound, which of the following is not recommended for treatment?

Bandage the wound

Which condition in rats can be caused by low humidity levels?

Ringtail

When exposed to a male or the scent of a male, the females will begin estrus within three days. This is referred to as:

the Whitten effect

Which is the most common vessel for use in intravenous injections in rats and mice?

Lateral tail vein

To evaluate the level of anesthesia in a rat, the best method to determine the animal is at a surgical stage of anesthesia would be:

Failure to withdraw from a toe pinch

What is the maximum amount of blood volume that can be withdrawn from a healthy rodent at one time?

10%

The red-pigmented substance that is discharged from the tear gland near the eyes in ill or animals under stress is:

Porphyrin

It is important to do what prior to removing a hamster from the cage?

Make sure the animal is fully awake

Gerbils are social animals but can become aggressive when:

overcrowded

The scientific name for the species of gerbils most often used in biomedical research:

Meriones unguiculatus

Which route of medication administration can cause self-mutilation in hamsters?

IM

Which unique feature of gerbils makes them an excellent animal for endocrine function studies?

Low water intake and highly concentrated urine

A common route to administer anesthetic drugs to a hamster is:

IP

Which parasitic infection in gerbils and hamsters is of zoonotic concern?

Rodentolepis nana

The ventral sebaceous gland is used for:

marking territories

Hamsters are the only commonly used laboratory animal that:

hibernates

Which of the following is a unique reproductive trait of gerbils?

Males will assist in caring for offspring

Which species of primates is most commonly used in biomedical research?

Rhesus monkey

Which zoonotic disease is caused by several different strains of Mycobacterium?

Tuberculosis

Caretakers are often given a vaccine to prevent which infection?

Hepatitis B

What one feature must all caging for primates include?

Secure locks

What was established in 1974 in an effort to control the use of NWPs in biomedical research?

Interagency Primate Steering Committee

Which of the following requires that research facilities develop and implement plans to promote the well-being of the NWPs species in their care?

AWA

Which behavior serves as a method of communication and may also serve to strengthen the social organization of primates?

Allogrooming

Which feature is always absent in OWPs?

Prehensile tails

Diets for primates must contain which vitamin?

C

Which vessel can be used to collect large amounts of blood from primates but the procedure requires the animal be anesthetized?

Femoral

The primary use for which animal in research is to study human leprosy?

Armadillo

Which species is a valuable animal model for human hepatocellular adenocarcinoma?

Woodchuck

A researcher is interested in developing a medication to stop the spread of prostate cancer. What animal model would he use for these studies?

Horse

A hedgehog performs which unique behavior by taking an item into its mouth, mixing it with saliva, then applying the mixture to its spines?

Self-anointing

Which is a common problem in sugar gliders fed a soft diet?

Periodontal disease

Whether group or singly housed, which animal must be provided with a resting shelf above the floor of the cage?

Cats

Which species would be a good model for orthopedic research on diseases and injuries of the bones, joints, and muscles, including fracture repair, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis?

Sheep

Which of the following is extremely rare in chinchillas?

Neoplasia

What can be a common problem in sugar gliders that are housed singly?

Self-mutilation

Sugar gliders have a gliding membrane that stretches between the front and hind legs called a:

Patagium