Health and Nutrition Ch. 5

carbohydrates

main source of energy for the body

monosaccharide

a simple sugar; glucose, fructose, and galactose

glucose

blood sugar; fruits and vegetables are good sources

fructose

a monosaccharide found in fruit; it is the sweetest sugar; honey

sucrose

a disaccharide made of glucose and fructose; table sugar

lactose

a disaccharide made of glucose and galactose

maltose

a disaccharide made of glucose and glucose

galactose

monosaccharide; a part of lactose

salivary amylase

enzyme that begins starch digestion in the mouth

amylase

breaks down starch into maltose molecules; splits sucrose and lactose molecules

disaccharide

sugar containing two monosaccharide’s; maltose, sucrose, and lactose

glucagon

hormone that helps regulate blood glucose levels

lipolysis

the breakdown of fat

ketone bodies

the by-products of the incomplete breakdown of fat

glycemia

the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood

epinephrine

adrenaline; produced by adrenal glands

diverticulitis

inflammation of abnormal small pouches in the wall of the colon

glycogenolysis

breakdown of glycogen