Comm + Society Module 2

_______ is learned through experiences and interactions and is not innate/natural.

Identity

True or false: Identity changes over time.

True

_________ is how different identities combine to shape our experiences.

Intersectionality

Race, ethnicity, nationality, religious identity, and social class are all what?

Influences on identity

________ is learned and is the preferential displays of male and female.

Gender

__________ is a term for individuals with masculine and feminine traits

Androgynous

_____-_____ is a term for individuals who don’t conform to traditional gender identities

Gender-fluid

______ _________: Self images formed from how others perceive and react to us

Reflected appraisals

____-_____ _____: The concept that self-image is shaped by the reflections of others' perceptions.

Looking-glass self

________ __________ theory proposes that self-concept is influenced by group memberships and social contexts.

Social Identity

________ ______ are the individuals whose opinions shape our identity (Social Identity Theory).

Particular Others

________ _____ are the broader societal norms and values that influence self-perception.

Generalized others.

The ___-_________ ________ says the expectation of expecting something to occur increases the likelihood that it will through influence on behavior.

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A stereotype impacting someone’s performance is an example of a ________.

Stereotype threat

Saying black people are good athletes making a black person a better athlete is an example of a _________ _____.

Stereotype threat

The _____ quadrant is known to ourselves and others.

Open

The ______quadrant is known to others but not the self.

Blind

The _____ quadrant is known to self but not others.

Hidden

The _______ quadrant is unknown to both the self and others.

Unknown

_______ is a framework for understanding social interactions as performances where individuals manage impressions.

Dramaturgy

________ ________ is the person’s acts/behaviors that cause other people to see that person the way they want to be seen.

Impression management

The ______ is the people the person is performing to.

audience

The _______ is the situation/context in which the person is playing the impression management role.

front stage

The _______ is the person/context in which a person doesn’t need to perform (private self).

backstage

______ are things or people that aid in the successful performance of an individual, while ______ are things that help an individual more successfully perform.

Wings; props

________ is the process of repetition and actions that produce identity.

Performativity

_____-_______ is the act of someone paying attention to the ways they present themselves, and if they’re successful or not in that.

Self-monitoring

__________ _______ is the degree to which a person’s constructs are detailed, involved, or numerous.

Cognitive complexity

The 3 perceptual procedures we go through are what?

Selection, organization, interpretation

________ ______ is forming a judgement based on first impressions

Primary effect

_________ is forming a judgement based on the most recent information received.

Recency effect

_______ are cognitive maps that help us organize information

Schemas

A ________ is a representative or idealized version of a concept. For example, using your mom as a _________ for all moms.

Prototype

A ______ us a relatively fixed sequence that acts as a guide/template for conversation, like always saying “Hey how are you” when you meet someone.

script

_________ theory explains the process we use to judge our own behavior with others’ behaviors.

Attribution

__________ bias are errors made when people try to find reasons for their own and others’ behaviors.

Attributional

________ __________ error is when we attribute others’ negative behavior to internal causes, and positive behavior to external causes.

Fundamental attribution

_______ are assumptions and attitudes we use to filter perceptions and create meaning. The thing itself and what the thing means

Frames

Saying “my religion is the only right one” is a form of __________.

ethnocentrism

Negative feelings toward a person or people because of their group is ________.

prejudice

__________ function is the role prejudice plays in protecting individuals’ self-worth, while __________ function is the role prejudice plays in allowing them to view their norms/values as correct.

ego-defensive; value-expressive

_____ ________ says that our reality emerges through our actions and that our world is a product of communication.

Social construction

______ ______ theory says that life experiences create reality and the receiver is passive.

Blank slate

_______ theory says the receiver is active in creating reality, and they choose how the action affects them.

Construction

_________ ______ is the myth that says those who occupy positions of power are the “norm”

Mythical norm

The _______ perspective is where we make stereotypes about people that allow us to think they’re predictable.

Essentialist

The ________ theory says we occupy relationships with one another within systems of power. It says the person with _____ privilege has more understanding of power.

Standpoint; less

______ can be broken, _____ cannot be broken. Think gravity vs a stop sign

Rules; laws

______ are followable, prescriptive, behavior-specific, and contextual

Rules

______ approach is from within while an _____ approach is as an observer

Emic; etic

What dichotomy compares complex, context-dependent sentences and short, simple, implicit sentences?

Elaborated codes vs. restricted codes

What dichotomy focuses on personal independence/goals vs. group harmony/obligations (championship vs. MVP)?

Individualism vs. collectivism

What dichotomy focuses on the context messages rely on to be understood?

High context vs. low context

What dichotomy contrasts equality among members against hierarchical, status-driven relationships?

Horizontal vs. vertical relationships

What dichotomy studies acceptance of authority gaps vs. questioning of hierarchy?

High vs. low power distance

________ _________ are people who live between cultures and experience contradictory patterns.

Border dwellers

A _________ group is a significant minority group within a dominant majority that holds different values and/or communication patterns.

Co-Cultural

________ _______ is when someone feels they “aren’t enough” for either culture.

Cultural limbo

________ Thesis says that talk between men and women is cross-cultural communication because boys and girls grow up in different cultures.

Tannen’s

How did the Star Trek Episode show elaborative vs. restrictive codes?

They need context to understand the people/characters the aliens are talking about

How did the Star Trek Episode show patterning?

The humans try to find patterns in the way the aliens communicate

Picard being with the alien was what kind of approach?

Emic

Troy and Data were researching the alien communication which was what kind of approach?

Etic

Why can’t Picard and Dathon communicate even though they are both speaking English? 

They need to understand the context of the words they’re saying

How does Picard attempt to connect with and understand Dathon?

• He repeats it and remembers the context of the last time he said it

• He uses nonverbal communication

________ _________ is the ability to form mental models of the world.

Cognitive representation

________ _________ is performing scripts deemed proper for particular identities.

Enacting identities

1. Identity is ______ not innate

2. Identity exists at individual and _____ levels

3. Identity is both fixed and ______

4. Identity is created through ______

5. Identity must be _______ within larger historical, social, and cultural environments

learned, social, dynamic, interaction, understood

____-_____- is a person’s idea of their own self with perceptions that rarely change over time.

Self-concept

____-_____ is the subjective positivity and/or negativity that a person assigns to the way they feel about themselves.

Self-esteem

______ _______ are more changeable over the life span

Secondary identities

________ is when someone tells someone they are the way they see themselves to be, and _______ is when they say the person is a way they don’t think they are.

Confirming; disconfirming