NES Math Test

Cardinality

understanding that last number counted in a set represents the number of objects

seriation

putting items in order from biggest to smallest

subitizing

knowing number of objects without counting

5 stages of counting

1) count all

2) count on: counting each item once

3) maintain cardinality

4)stable order

5)conservation of numbers

real numbers

any numbers that can be put on a number line

rational numbers

any number that can be written as a fraction

natural numbers

counting numbers including all whole

integers

all whole and negative numbers without a decimal

irrational numbers

numbers that cannot be represented in fraction form

digit

written symbol representing numbers 0-9

expanded form

identifying a number by adding all of the values of each digit

expanded notation

complete view of how we arrived at the value of each digit

period

group of 3 numbers separated by a comma

commutative property

sum will remain the same regardless of order of addend/factors

• addition and multiplication

associative property

when 2 or more of the same operation are in an expression the sequence in which you perform them does not affect the outcome

identity element

when a number if multiplied by 1 or 0 is added it remains the same

concrete models

pictorial representations of mathematical operations

prime number

whole number that can only be divided evenly by 1 and itself

composite number

number that can be formed by multiplying 2 smaller integers

combination formula

nCr=(n!/r!(n-r)!)

• n=number of items you choose from

• r=number of items you choose

factoral

product of all whole numbers from the number down to one

-ex. 7!=7×6×5×4×3×2×1=5040

least common denominator

smallest whole number that is a multiple of both denominators

early elementary tools

• 10 frame

• counters

• unifix cubes

• base 10 blocks

• pattern blocks

elementary age tools

• money

• rulers

• timers

• protractors

• calculators

• measuring containers

inductive reasoning

relies on patterns and trends

deductive reasoning

relies on facts and rules

mode

number that occurs most often in data set

median

number in the middle of a data set when they are listed from least to greatest

mean

average of a data set

range

difference between largest number in data set and smallest number

left skew

• left side of distribution is longer

• median>mean

right skew

• right side of distribution is longer

• mean>median

standard deviation

measurement of spread

variable

quantity that can change

• usually represented by a letter

constant

quantity that does not change

algebraic equation

contains an