Classification of Reactions and Acid-Base Chemistry

These flashcards cover key concepts from the classification of chemical reactions, definitions of acids and bases, and the principles of oxidation-reduction and precipitation reactions.

Combination Reaction

A reaction where two or more substances combine to form a single product (e.g., A + B → C).

Decomposition Reaction

A reaction where a single compound breaks down into two or more products (e.g., A → B + C).

Displacement Reaction

A reaction where an element displaces another in a compound (e.g., A + BC → AB + C).

Double Displacement Reaction

A reaction where components exchange partners in two compounds (e.g., AB + CD → AC + BD).

Precipitation Reaction

A reaction that produces an insoluble solid from soluble reactants, resulting in a precipitate.

Strong Acids

Acids that completely ionize in water, including HClO4, H2SO4, and HNO3.

Weak Acids

Acids that partially ionize in water, such as HF and HCN.

Neutralization Reaction

A reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water.

Oxidation

The process of losing electrons during a chemical reaction.

Reduction

The process of gaining electrons during a chemical reaction.

Spectator Ions

Ions that do not participate in the chemical reaction and remain unchanged.

Net Ionic Equation

An equation that shows only the species that actually participate in the reaction, excluding spectator ions.

Oxidation State Rules

Rules used to assign oxidation numbers to elements in compounds.

Acid (Arrhenius)

A substance that produces H+ ions in aqueous solution.

Base (Arrhenius)

A substance that produces OH- ions in aqueous solution.

Lewis Acid

A substance that can accept an electron pair.

Lewis Base

A substance that can donate an electron pair.

Combustion Reaction

A reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen, producing heat and light.

Precipitate

The insoluble solid formed in a precipitation reaction.

Ionic Equation

An equation representing the dissociated forms of the compounds in solution.