19.3 aromatics 2

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Last updated 9:38 AM on 6/11/26
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6 Terms

1
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why is phenol a weak acid

  • Phenol partially dissociates in water

C6H5OH ≈ C6H5O- + H+

  • Phenol donates a proton (H⁺)

  • Phenoxide ion is stabilised by delocalisation

2
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why is phenol more acidic than alcohols?

  • Phenoxide ion is stabilised by delocalisation

  • Negative charge is spread over the ring

  • Alkoxide ions are not stabilised by delocalisation

3
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what happens when phenol reacts with sodium?

effervescence and gas is produced

2C6H5OH + 2Na → 2C6H5ONa + H2

4
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bromination of phenol

conditions: room temps, no catalyst, bromine water

product: 2,4,6-tribromophenol

observations: white precipitate, bromine water decolourises

5
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nitration of phenol

dilute HNO3, RT → 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophrnol

6
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why does phenol undergo substitution more readily than benzene?

  • oxygen has a lone pair

  • lone pair is donated to the delocalised pi-system

  • electron density of the ring increases

  • electrophiles are more likely to be attracted

  • no halogen carrier is needed for bromination