NURS 250: electrolyte imbalances pt 2

what are the most common causes of hypocalcemia?

acute or chronic renal failure. malabsorption syndromes. acute pancreatitis. alkalosis. chronic steroid use

what are the signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia?

positive trousseau's sign. seizures. arrhythmias. ekg changes. muscle spasms. hyperactive reflexes. tingling. tetany

what are the most common causes of hypercalcemia?

excessive intake. malignancy. hyperparathyroidism. decreased renal secretion. diuretic use

what are the signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia?

decreased excitability of nerves. muscle weakness. hypoactive bowel sounds. extreme thirst. polyuria. kidney stones. blood clots

what patients are high risk for hypercalcemia?

long term bed rest, cancer, and hyperparathyroidism patients

what do you need to assess in hypercalcemia?

homans sign

what are the most common causes of hypomagnesemia?

prolonged malnutrition, renal disorders, aminoglycosides, loop diuretics, chemo, high dose steroids, endocrine disorders, burns, dka, hypercalcemia

what are the signs and symptoms of hypomagnesemia?

tachycardia. arrhythmias. hypotension. tetany. positive trousseau's. agitation. confusion. seizures

what are the most common causes of hypermagnesemia?

it's usually rare. antacids, laxatives, iv admin of mg, renal insufficiency

what are the signs and symptoms of hypermagnesemia?

lethargy and drowsiness. depressed respirations. low bp. bradycardia. hypoactive reflexes. coma