BI 451 Inverts Exam 1 (Cnidaria)

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Last updated 5:21 PM on 4/13/26
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16 Terms

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Cnidaria (a stinging thread)

  1. Polyp and medusa stage

  1. Radial symmetry

  1. Blind gut (Coelenteron = GVC)

  1. Diploblastic - only 2 distinct germ layers, ectoderm (epidermis) and endoderm (gastrodermis) + mesoglea (non-living gelatinous layer)

  1. Cnidae

  2. Nerve net

  3. Lack of circulatory, respiratory, and excretory systems, but have cilia and gastrovascular canals (radial to ring canals)

  4. Complex life cycle - sexual and asexual reproduction and planula larva

  5. Some w/ colonial polymorphism

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<p>Anthozoa </p>

Anthozoa

Subphylum of cnidaria, characterized by a lack of a medusa stage, circular mt DNA, presence of pharynx and siphonoglyph, GVC w/ mesentaries/septa

Contains the two subclasses:

  1. Hexacorallia

  2. Octocorallia

<p>Subphylum of cnidaria, characterized by a lack of a medusa stage, circular mt DNA, presence of pharynx and siphonoglyph, GVC w/ mesentaries/septa</p><p>Contains the two subclasses:</p><ol><li><p>Hexacorallia</p></li><li><p>Octocorallia</p></li></ol><p></p>
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Epitheliomuscular Cells

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Clone

Genetically identical replicates, can be separate individuals produced asexually

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Colony

A collection of repeating units (individuals or zooids) that are interconnected

Each zooid can have its own digestive system, gonad, and behavior; but its interconnected w/ other units permits coordination such as sharing of nutrients, division of labor/specialization of function

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Cnidae

Unique organelles in cnidocytes that are used in prey capture

Each cnidocyte contains one of three types of cnidae:

  1. nematocyst - stinging

  2. spirocyst - sticky

  3. ptychocyst - sticky

Requires mechanical or chemical stimulation to fire

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Nerve Net

Complex, 2D net of neurons

1 on epidermis

1 in gastrodermis

Joined by neurons that bridge mesoglea

Diffuse conduction

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Septa

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Anthozoan Sexual Reproduction

  1. Most are dioecious (anemones) some are monoecious (stony corals, synchronized spawning)

  2. Some brooding

  3. Most external fertilization

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Anthozoan Asexual Reproduction

  1. Longitudinal or transverse fission

  2. Pedal laceration

  3. fragmentation

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Actiniaria

Order of anthozoans containing sea anemones

Characterized by:

  1. Solitary

  2. Lack specialized protective covering

  3. Covered in extra potent nematocysts: Acontia, Acrorhagi, Catch Tentacles

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Acontia

Threadlike tissues composed of stinging cells that can be ejected through the mouth or specialized pores of anemones

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Acrorhagi

Venomous bulbous structures located at the margins of certain sea anemones, used in defending territories against conspecifics (other genets = non-clones)

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Catch Tentacles

Functionally similar to acrorhagi, and develop when genets are present

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Functions of a Skeleton

  1. Maintain body shape

  2. Provide support/protection

  3. Serve as attachments for muscles

  4. Transmit the force of muscle contraction to perform work

  5. To extend relaxed muscles

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Hydrostatic Skeleton