2B: organelles

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Last updated 7:57 AM on 6/5/26
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17 Terms

1
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cytosol

intracellular fluid

water with many dissolved substances such as proteins and ions

suspends organelles

<p><strong>intracellular</strong> <strong>fluid</strong></p><p>water with many <strong>dissolved</strong> <strong>substances</strong> such as proteins and ions</p><p><strong>suspends</strong> organelles</p>
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cytoplasm

cytosol + organelles - nucleus

<p>cytosol + organelles - nucleus </p>
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plasma membrane

semi-permeable barrier of the cell made of phospholipids controls movement of substances moving in and out of the cell

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cell wall

permeable structure that protects and supports cell shape and structure

allows cell to become turgid

found in bacteria + plant cells

<p><strong>permeable</strong> structure that <strong>protects</strong> and <strong>supports</strong> cell shape and structure</p><p>allows cell to become <strong>turgid</strong></p><p>found in <strong>bacteria</strong> + <strong>plant</strong> <strong>cells</strong></p>
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cilia and flagella

involved in the movement of the cell

<p>involved in the <strong>movement</strong> of the cell</p>
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nucleus

control center of the cell / contains genetic material / DNA of the cell, controls the functions of the cell

  • enclosed in nuclear envelope (double membrane)

  • pores allow mRNA to leave

<p><strong>control</strong> <strong>center</strong> of the cell / contains <strong>genetic</strong> <strong>material</strong> / <strong>DNA </strong>of the cell, controls the functions of the cell</p><ul><li><p>enclosed in <strong>nuclear</strong> <strong>envelope</strong> (double membrane)</p></li><li><p>pores allow mRNA to leave </p></li></ul><p></p>
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nucleolus

responsible for producing and assembling ribosomes

<p><strong>responsible</strong> for <strong>producing</strong> and <strong>assembling</strong> <strong>ribosomes</strong></p>
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ribosomes

NOT enclosed within a membrane, made of protein and rRNA

assembles animo acids into proteins

<p><strong>NOT</strong> enclosed within a membrane, made of <strong>protein</strong> and <strong>rRNA</strong></p><p>assembles <strong>animo</strong> <strong>acids</strong> into <strong>proteins</strong></p>
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rough endoplasmic reticulum

synthesises proteins that are destined for export by the cell

<p><span><strong>synthesises</strong> proteins that are <strong>destined</strong> for <strong>export</strong> by the cell</span></p>
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smooth endoplasmic reticulum

produces lipids

<p>produces <strong>lipids</strong></p>
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golgi apparatus

sorts, modifies and packages proteins and lipids for export out of cells, creates vesicles for exocytosis

<p><strong>sorts, modifies</strong> and <strong>packages</strong> proteins and lipids for <strong>export</strong> out of cells, creates <strong>vesicles</strong> for exocytosis</p>
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vesicle

transport proteins around the cell / to the outside of the cell

<p><strong>transport proteins</strong> around the cell / to the outside of the cell</p>
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lysosomes

found in animal cells

digests and removes waste in cells

<p>found in <strong>animal cells</strong></p><p><strong>digests</strong> and <strong>removes</strong> <strong>waste</strong> in cells</p>
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mitochondria

site of aerobic respiration and energy (ATP) production

<p>site of <strong>aerobic</strong> <strong>respiration</strong> and <strong>energy</strong> (ATP) production</p>
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chloroplast

site of photosynthesis

traps sunlight to make glucose

<p>site of <strong>photosynthesis</strong></p><p>traps <strong>sunlight</strong> to make glucose</p>
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vacuole

stores water and wastes

provides turgidity / structural support in plant cells

<p>stores <strong>water</strong> and <strong>wastes</strong> </p><p>provides <strong>turgidity</strong> / <strong>structural</strong> <strong>support</strong> in plant cells </p>
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cytoskeleton

intricate network of protein filaments

  • structural support, maintains shape

<p>intricate network of <strong>protein</strong> <strong>filaments</strong> </p><ul><li><p>structural support, maintains shape </p></li></ul><p></p>