Compromises + Causes of the Civil War Test

Missouri Compromise dates:

• Passed on March 6, 1820

Missouri Compromise definition

1820 agreement between slave and free states to allow Missouri and Maine to enter the united states

Who was the main creator of the Missouri Compromise?

Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky

Impact and Legacy of the Missouri Compromise

• helped maintain balance in the Senate but didn’t resolve the issue of slavery

• was declared unconstitutional in the Dred Scott decision

• was repealed by the Kansas Nebraska Act

• its repeal was a major cause that led to the Civil War

Compromise of 1850 definition

series of laws passed to address tensions between free and slave states

Who proposed the Compromise of 1850?

Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky

Components of the Missouri Compromise

• allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state

• allow Maine to enter the US as a free state

• established a boundary at the 36’30’’ latitude line above which slavery was prohibited (except for Missouri)

• boundary applied to all lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase

Components of the Compromise of 1850

• allowed California into the US as a free state

• banned slave trade in Washington D.C.

• created balance by introducing a stronger Fugitive Slave Act

• called for popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico

Impact and Legacy of the Compromise of 1850

• temporarily eased tensions over slavery

• increased sectional rivalry

• angered Northerners due to the fugitive slave act

• delayed the civil war but didn’t resolve the issue of slavery

Dred Scott v Sandford/Dred Scott Decision

1857 Supreme Court ruling which deemed that

• African Americans, free or enslaved, were not considered citizens in regards to the constitution and couldn’t claim its rights

• Congress couldn’t ban slavery in territories

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court at the time of the ruling?

Chief Justice Roger Taney

Impact and Legacy of the Dred Scott Decision

• nullified the Missouri Compromise of 1820

• enraged Northerners

• showed support for Southerners

• was a factor that led to the Civil War

Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

• part of the Compromise of 1850

• law that required citizens to capture and reutrn slaves that had escaped

Components of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

• required citizens to capture and return fugitive slaves

• denied accused fugitive right to a trial

• paid $10 to judges who ruled that slaves were fugitives and $5 to those that ruled they were free

• imposed heavier fines on those who helped escapees (went from $500 to $1000)

Impact and Legacy of the Fugitive Slave Act

• made Northern states pass “personal liberty laws” to nullify the act

• increased tensions between the North and South, pushing them closer to war.

• Increased power of slaveholders/the federal government in enforcing slavery

• repealed by Congress during the Civil War

• faced heavy pushback from abolitionists (Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Unc Tom Cabin)

Kansas Nebraska Act passing date?

March 30th, 1854

Who proposed the Kansas Nebraska Act?

Senator Steven Douglas of Illinois

Kansas Nebraska Act Definition

1854 act that allowed Kansas and Nebraska and other new territories to determine whether they were a slave or free state through popular sovereignty

Impact and Legacy of the K-N Act

• Caused Bleeding Kansas: series of violent conflicts in Kansas

• Caused Northerners and Southerners to plant people in Kansas to affect the popular sovereignty vote to sway to their side

• Repealed the Missouri Compromise

• Demonstrated how divided the country was over slavery

• Tensions helped start civil war

• Contributed to the rise of the Republican Party

John Brown

violent abolitionist who led raids in Kansas at Potawatomi Creek and later at Harper’s Ferry

• viewed as hero to the North and terrorist to the South

Abe Birth date?

February 12, 1809

Abe Birthplace?

Hodgenville, Kentucky

Two jobs Abe worked before becoming a lawyer after his business failed and got into debt?

postmaster and deputy surveyor

How did Abe first gain national attention?

Through his debates with Steven A. Douglas over slavery.

What were Abe’s views on slavery before and after the Dred Scott Decision?

Before: Was against the expansion of slavery, and viewed it as an impediment to the economic growth and advancement of the nation.

After: Viewed it as a moral wrong according to the writing of the founding fathers and their declaration of independence

What # prez was Abe? What elections did he win?

16th; 1860 and 1864 elections

What party was Abe a part of?

The Republican Party

What proclamation did Abe make that led to the 13th amendment?

The Emancipation proclamation: all slaves of confederate states are free

Weaknesses of the emancipation proclamation?

• Only applied to confederate states

• Dependent on the Union winning the civil war and could be repealed after?

When were the 13th and 14th amendment passed and ratified?

13th: passed Jan 31, 1865, signed by Abe Feb 1 same year, and became part of the constitution December 18, 1865

14th: passed June 13, 1866, became part of constitution July 28, 1868

Key Points of Gettysburg Address

• People who died on the battlefield honored it

• Focused on the preservation and advancement of the Union

abe was assasinated? by who? where?

April 14, 1865 by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theatre

secession

act of withdrawing from a larger political entity

First state to secede

South Carolina on December 20, 1860

New government formed by seceding states? Its president?

Confederate State of America/ The Confederacy; Jefferson Davis

Attack that started the Civil War?

Attack on Fort Sumter on April 1861 by Confederacy

What year did Civil war end? How?

1865; General Robert E Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House to Ulysses S Grant

Capital of Confederacy?

Originally Montgomery, Alabama changed to Richmond, Virginia

Militia Act

allowed Black people to join the Union Army

Confiscation Act

freed slaves captured from battles against Confederate states

Emancipation def

the act of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions

Emancipation prolamation

Abe’s proclamation on September 22, 1862 that if the Confederate states didn’t rejoin the Union within 100 days, all the slaves they owned would be declared free men

When did proclamation take effect?

Jan 1, 1863

Impact of Emancipation proclamation

• led to the creation of 13th amendment

• made the Civil War a fight against slavery as well

• Made enslaved people run to Union lines or join the Union army

• Led to the period of reconstruction

Bleeding Kansas

series of violent conflicts in the territory of Kansas; resulted from anti and pro slavery people for popular sovereignty decision for Kansas

Major bleeding Kansas battles

• Attack on Lawrence

• Raid at Potawatomi Creek

• Wakarusa War

Republican Party

Party that gained influence after the Kansas Nebraska Act and opposed the expansion of slavery

Kansas became a free state in the year

1861