Joint Classification and Articular Motion

These flashcards cover the functional and structural classifications of joints, types of articular motion, and the specific categories of synovial joints based on the provided lecture notes.

Synarthrosis

A functional category of joint with no movement where bony edges are quite close together or may even interlock.

Suture

A synarthrotic joint located only between the bones of the skull, where bone edges are interlocked and bound by dense fibrous connective tissue.

Gomphosis

A synarthrosis that binds the teeth to bony sockets in the maxillae and mandible via a periodontal ligament.

Synchondrosis

A rigid, cartilaginous bridge between two articulating bones, such as the epiphyseal cartilage or the connection between the first pair of vertebrosternal ribs and the manubrium.

Synostosis

A totally rigid, immovable joint created when two bones fuse and the boundary between them disappears, such as the frontal (metopic) suture.

Amphiarthrosis

A functional category of joint permitting little movement; it is stronger than a freely movable joint and connected by collagen fibers or cartilage.

Syndesmosis

A fibrous amphiarthrosis where bones are connected by a ligament, such as the distal joint between the tibia and fibula.

Symphysis

A cartilaginous amphiarthrosis where articulating bones are connected by a wedge or pad of fibrocartilage, such as the pubic symphysis.

Diarthrosis

A functional category of joint that permits free movement, typically located at the ends of long bones.

Monaxial

A joint that permits movement in one plane or around one axis.

Biaxial

A joint that permits movement in two planes or around two axes.

Triaxial

A joint that permits movement in three planes or around three axes.

Linear motion

Also called gliding, this motion occurs when a bone slides forward, backward, side to side, or diagonally across an articular surface.

Angular motion

A type of movement where the angle between the bone shaft and the articular surface changes.

Circumduction

A complex angular motion where the end of a bone is swung through a complete circle.

Rotation

A movement where a bone shaft spins around its longitudinal axis.

Plane joint

Also known as gliding joints, these synovial joints have flattened or slightly curved surfaces that slide across one another with slight nonaxial movement.

Hinge joint

Synovial joints that permit monaxial angular motion in a single plane, similar to the opening and closing of a door.

Condylar joint

Also known as ellipsoid joints, these feature an oval articular face nestled within a depression on the opposing surface, permitting biaxial movement.

Saddle joint

Biaxial synovial joints with complex articular faces that are concave along one axis and convex along the other, fitting together like a rider in a saddle.

Pivot joint

Synovial joints that only permit monaxial rotation, such as the atlanto-axial joint.

Ball-and-socket joint

A triaxial synovial joint where the round head of one bone rests within a cup-shaped depression, permitting angular motion, circumduction, and rotation.