History Exam 1

im so coooked

How many Human rights are there according to UDHR

30

What year was the United Nations formed?

1945 following World War II

What is the United Nations?

An international organisation formed to promote peace, security, and cooperation between countries.

Why was the UN created?

To prevent future global wars and promote international cooperation.

What are the main purposes of the UN?

• Maintain international peace and security

• Protect human rights

• Deliver humanitarian aid

• Promote sustainable development

What is the UDHR?

A document created by the United Nations outlining basic human rights everyone is entitled to.

When was the UDHR created?

1948

Why was the UDHR created?

In response to the human rights abuses of World War II, to protect people globally.

What does the UDHR guarantee?

• Right to life

• Freedom of speech

• Equality before the law

• Freedom from discrimination

Is the UDHR legally binding?

No

How old was Emmitt Till

14

When was Emmitt Till Killed

August 1955

What was Emmitt Till accused off

Harassing a local white woman in Mississippi

What happened to Emmitt Till after

He was abducted by the Woman’s Husband and a friend, and brutally beaten, shot in the head, wrapped in barb wire to a metal fan, and thrown in the river.

What happened to the Two Men?

Despite overwhelming evidence they were acquitted

What was the significance of Emmett Till’s murder?

The murder of Emmett Till caused shock across America, showed how unfair and racist the justice system was, and helped increase support for the Civil Rights Movement.

What did Rosa Parks do?

She refused to give up her bus seat for a white man

When did Rosa Parks do this?

December 1st, 1955

What happened to Rosa Parks

She was found guilty for violating segregation

How much was Rosa Parks fined

$14, worth around $248 today in AUD

How did Rosa Parks retaliate

She planned a boycott of the Montgomery buses was planned

How much percent of Bus users were African American

70%

What was the Boycott

African Americans worked together by walking, riding bikes, or carpooling, causing Bus companys to lose money and give in.

What was the Significance of the Boycott

• The bus company lost a lot of money

• In 1956, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled bus segregation unconstitutional

• It was a major early victory for the Civil Rights Movement

Who was Martin Luther King Jr

A social activist and a Baptist Manager

What was Martin’s goal

Saught equality and human rights for African Americans, the economically disadvantaged, and all victims of injustice.

How did Martin Protest

Through Peaceful Protest

What did Martin bring about

He helped bring about the civil rights act and voting rights act.

What did Martin do jail time for

Had jail time for non-violent resistance

When was Martin assassinated

4 April 1968

What was the Little Rock Nine

A group of nine black students who enrolled at a central High School in Little Rock Arkansas in September 1957, after schools were ordered to desegregate.

What did the African American Students go through

• They were blocked by angry white mobs and even the state governor

• The US government had to send soldiers to protect them so they could enter the school

What was the significance of Little Rock Nine

• Showed how strong resistance to desegregation was in the South

• Proved the federal government would enforce school integration

• Became a major symbol of the Civil Rights Movement

• Helped push forward the end of segregation in schools

When did The day of mourning take place

26th of January, 1938

What happened on the Day of Mourning

Aboriginal activists protested the 150th anniversary of British colonisation, Aboriginal People protested that Aboriginal people should be given Australian citizenship, equal political rights, and equal access to education

Why did the day of mourning happen

The Aboriginals mourned the loss of their country, their freedom, and the deaths of Aboriginal people.

Who was involved in the day of mourning

The Indigenous People

What was the impact of the Day of mourning

The Day of Mourning (1938) raised awareness of Aboriginal disadvantage, led to government discussions with Aboriginal leaders, and became an important early event in the Aboriginal rights movement.

When did The right to vote take place

21st March 1962

What was the impact of the right to Vote

It gave all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people the right to enrol and vote in federal elections voluntarily

Who were the main activists in the right to vote

Pearl Gibbs, Doug Nicholls, Faith Bandler.

Why did the right to vote take place

It happened because of growing pressure from Aboriginal civil rights activists, increasing awareness of inequality in Australia, and criticism from other countries after World War II that pushed Australia to improve its human rights laws.

What was the Bark Petition

Petitions written by the Yolngu people on bark that protested government plans to allow mining on Yolngu land without consultation.

When was the Bark petition

14th of August 1963

Where was the Bark petition

The Nothern Territory

Who was involved in the Bark Petition

The Yolngu people

Why did the Bark petition take place

The Yolngu people created the Bark Petitions in 1963 to protest the government's decision to allow bauxite mining on their traditional land without consulting them and to protect their land rights.

What was the Barks petitions impact

They were the first traditional Aboriginal documents recognised by the Australian Parliament and helped raise awareness of Indigenous land rights.

When were the Australian Freedom Rides

12th - 27th of February 1965

Where were the Freedom rides

New South Whales

Who where the Freedom Rides

A group of University students led by Charles Perkins,

What were the Freedom Rides

A series of bus trips in 1965 where Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal university students travelled through rural New South Wales to expose and protest racial discrimination against Aboriginal people.

Why were The Freedom Rides a thing

They brought national attention to racism and poor treatment of Aboriginal people and helped build support for Indigenous rights.

When Was the Referendum

1967

What did the Referendum aim to do

Sought to change two section of the constitution in relation to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People.

What were those two sections of the Referendum

Section 51, and Section 127, They aimed to change the fact that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people weren’t recognised as a part of the Australian Population.

Who was involved in The referendum

Australian voters, Aboriginal rights activists, and the Australian Government.

What was the Referendums Impact

Over 90% of Australians voted "Yes," showing strong support for Indigenous rights and allowing the federal government to take a greater role in Aboriginal affairs.

When was the Gurindji Strike

Began 23rd of August 1966 and lasted 7 years

Where was the Gurindji Strike

Gurindji Stockman initiated a strike at wave hill station in the Northern Territory

Who was apart of the Gurindji strike

It was led by Vincent Lingiar

Why did the Gurindji strike start

Aboriginal people were used as cheap labour due to connection with land.

What was the Gurindji Strike

They walked off Wave Hill Station in 1966 to protest unfair wages and conditions and to demand rights to their traditional land.

Who was involved in the Mabo Decision?

Eddie Mabo and the Marian people from the eastern Torres Strait

What was the Mabo Decision?

A High Court decision that recognised that Indigenous Australians had traditional ownership of land (NATIVE TITLE)

When did the Mabo Decision go into effect?

On the 3rd of June 1992

What does Terra Nuluis mean

Land belonging to no one.

Where was the Mabo Decision

Murray Island

Why did the Mabo Decision happen?

Eddie Mabo challenged the idea that Australia belonged to no one before British settlement (terra nullius).

What was the purpose of the Bringing Them Home Report?

To investigate the experiences of the Stolen Generations and reveal the impact of removing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their families.

What was the impact of the Bringing Them Home Report?

It increased public awareness of the Stolen Generations and recommended that the Australian Government make a formal apology.

What was the purpose of the National Apology?

To formally apologise to the Stolen Generations for the harm caused by past government policies.

What was the impact of the National Apology?

It acknowledged past injustices, helped promote reconciliation, and recognised the suffering of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.