Chemistry: Reaction Rates, Equilibrium, and Catalysts Key Concepts

What can increase the rate of reaction for a solid?

Surface area

How fast reactants are changed into products is called what?

Rate (of reaction)

Name one factor affecting reaction rates.

Temperature

Name one factor affecting equilibrium.

Pressure

If a reaction reaches equilibrium soon after it starts, which are favored?

Products

What must occur for reactants to convert to products?

Collision

What is a biological catalyst called?

Enzyme

Reactants must collide with the correct what to form products?

Orientation

What principle states that a system in equilibrium will oppose a change?

Le Chatelier's Principle

If pressure increases in Reaction #1, which way does equilibrium shift?

Right

If temperature decreases in Reaction #2, which way does equilibrium shift?

Right

If pressure decreases, equilibrium shifts to the side with what?

More moles of gas

If a reaction nears completion before equilibrium, which are favored?

Products

What is a state where forward and reverse reaction rates are equal?

Equilibrium

What can shift forward or backward to reach equilibrium?

Reversible reaction

What is another name for activated complex?

Transition state

If Cl⁻ is added in Reaction #1, which way does equilibrium shift?

Right

What is an unstable intermediate between reactants and products?

Activated complex

What is the study of reaction rates and mechanisms called?

Kinetics

If pressure increases, equilibrium shifts to the side with what?

Fewer moles of gas

What is the minimum energy required to start a reaction?

Activation energy

If water is added in Reaction #1, which way does equilibrium shift?

Left

If NH₃ is removed in Reaction #2, which way does equilibrium shift?

Right

If temperature decreases in Reaction #1, which way does equilibrium shift?

Left

What symbol shows a reaction is reversible?

⇌ (double arrow)

If pressure decreases in Reaction #2, which way does equilibrium shift?

Left

What is a substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up?

Catalyst