AP human geo unit 5

What is the primary outcome of today's agricultural practices?

Farmers grow more agricultural products on less land through advanced technology.

What does the term 'subsistence farming' refer to?

Farming where farmers produce food solely for their own family's needs.

What marked the First Agricultural Revolution?

The shift from hunting and gathering to settled agriculture and crop planting.

What impact did the Second Agricultural Revolution have on society?

Increased productivity led to population growth and urban migration.

What is the Green Revolution known for?

The rise of industrial farming and the introduction of GMOs.

What are GMOs?

Genetically Modified Organisms created through genetic engineering.

What is von Thunen's model used to explain?

The relationship between agricultural land use and proximity to market.

What is one criticism of commercial farming?

It leads to environmental degradation and loss of small farms.

Define 'pastoral nomadism.'

A form of agriculture that involves moving animals to find fresh pastures.

What are the effects of the Green Revolution on food production?

Increased crop yields through hybridization and chemical fertilizers.

What were victory gardens?

Gardens encouraged by the government during WWI for self-sufficiency.

Who is Norman Borlaug?

An agricultural scientist known for his work in increasing wheat production.

What were the social impacts of the Second Agricultural Revolution?

Technological advances shifted labor away from rural farming to urban factories.

Define 'extensive subsistence agriculture.'

Forms of farming that require less labor and encompass methods like shifting cultivation.

What is genetic engineering in agriculture?

The manipulation of plant and animal DNA to create desired traits.

What does 'market-gardening activities' refer to?

Agricultural activities that include the production of perishable goods near urban areas.

What are the four types of commercial farming mentioned?

Mediterranean agriculture, dairy farming, mixed livestock, and plantation agriculture.

What is a key feature of greenhouse farming?

Crops are grown in controlled environments to optimize growth.

What sparked urban migration during the Second Agricultural Revolution?

The increase in mechanization which reduced the need for farm labor.

How did the Great Depression affect US agriculture?

It led to widespread farm failures, particularly in the Great Plains.

What is aquaculture?

The farming of fish in controlled environments for food production.

Define 'precise genetic engineering.'

A technology that uses techniques like CRISPR to modify organisms at the DNA level.

What role did women play in the First Agricultural Revolution?

They were responsible for gathering food and caring for children.

Explain the term 'collective farm.'

A farm where workers share the crop instead of receiving monetary wages.

What was one significant outcome of the 20th-century agricultural practices in the US?

The consolidation of farms into larger corporate units due to economic pressures.

What are heirloom seeds?

Traditional seeds that have not been genetically modified.

What is a drawback of vertical farms?

They are more costly and require more energy compared to traditional farms.

How does climate affect global agricultural practices?

It determines what types of crops can be grown in any given region.

What is the main criticism of modern agricultural practices?

They are often detrimental to the environment.

What is interillage in farming?

The practice of clearing rows in fields manually with tools.

What are the environmental concerns associated with commercial agriculture?

Pesticide use, soil degradation, and water pollution from runoff.

How does biotechnology influence modern farming?

It allows for enhanced production through genetic modifications.

What does 'creative destruction' refer to in agriculture?

Replacing natural ecosystems with desired crops for profit.

What is the result of market expansion on local farmers?

Increased opportunity to sell land at high prices as urban areas expand.

Define intensive subsistence farming.

Farming that requires significant labor to produce food for family needs.

What role does transportation play in agricultural markets?

It affects the profitability and accessibility of agricultural products.

What are the benefits of organic farming?

It promotes environmental health by using natural processes.

What can lead to desertification in agriculture?

Overgrazing and poor farming practices leading to barren land.

What is a consequence of the Second Agricultural Revolution on rural populations?

A migration of people to urban centers seeking employment.

What influence do external factors like politics have on agriculture?

Policies can dictate farming practices and technological integration.

How do market demands influence farming practices?

Farmers adapt their production methods to meet consumer demands.

What factors led to the emergence of the ethanol industry?

Agricultural excess and demand for alternative fuels.

What is the significance of crop rotation?

A method used to maintain soil fertility and manage pests.

How did the Dust Bowl affect populations?

It forced many to relocate, especially to California.

What are the risks associated with GMOs?

Potential health issues and environmental impacts.

What is the relationship between agricultural mechanization and small farms?

Increased mechanization puts small farms at risk of failure.

What defines shifting cultivation?

Moving farming plots after soil nutrients are depleted.

What is a modern challenge facing US farmers today?

Competition with large agribusiness and global markets.

How have urban gardens changed in the context of modern agriculture?

They provide local food sources and reduce transportation costs.

What defines the Fourth Agricultural Revolution?

A focus on local food production and sustainable practices.

Why were early European settlements in America dependent on agriculture?

To establish food production and sustain their colonies.

What does 'subsistence agriculture' require from farmers?

Farmers must engage in manual labor to cultivate their crops.

What is a result of high-density farming techniques?

Higher productivity, but potentially lower soil health.

How does animal domestication affect human diets?

It provides new sources of protein and food security.

Describe the geographical focus of the wheat production region in the United States.

Midwestern regions, known as 'breadbasket' areas.

What was a significant agricultural improvement seen during the Second Agricultural Revolution?

The introduction of machines for crop production.

What is the primary goal of sustainable farming methods today?

To produce food in an environmentally friendly and ethical manner.

Define 'transportation costs' in von Thunen's model.

The expenses related to moving agricultural products to market.

What does urban agriculture utilize to enhance crop production?

Technological innovations and space-efficient methods.

How has globalization influenced modern agriculture?

It has expanded markets and increased competition worldwide.

Why are small family farms adopting organic practices?

To differentiate themselves and gain a competitive edge.

What is the impact of climate on agricultural regions categorization?

It primarily dictates the types of crops that can be cultivated effectively.