HIST 1020 Jeske Test 4

How did industrialization help fuel WWII?

It employed millions, and enabled major powers to build militaries

How to Fascist ideology help fuel WWII?

Fascism valorized war

What was the significance of the 1939 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact?

It was Stalin's attempt to prevent or delay WWII

What event kicked off WWII?

When Germany from the west, and the USSR from the east invaded Poland

What caused Britain and France to enter the war?

Because they opposed Hitler's attack on Poland

What style of fighting was WWII primarily?

Blitzkrieg and Total War

What were the groups of people attacked during the Holocaust

Romani, queer, communist, Slavic, and Jewish

How did the USSR begin to turn the tide of WWII?

By winning the battles of Stalingrad and Kursk

What event caused Germany to surrender?

The Soviets taking Berlin

What did the war in the Pacific revolve around?

Japanese colonial expansion

How did the Japanese sell their expansion?

They said they were building "Asia for Asians"

What countries presented themselves as the "superpowers" after the war?

The US and USSR

What sparked the Cold War?

Ideological suspicion on both sides

What kind of war was the Korean War?

A proxy war

How did the Korean War end?

In a stalemate; still technically not over

Why did post-war conditions cause decolonization?

Large countries with colonies had to focus on themselves after the war, causing the colonies to gain more freedoms, and ultimately escape colonization.

What country colonized Algeria?

France

What group started the Algerian civil war?

The Front for National Liberation (FNL)

Which French president moved the Algerian civil war to an end?

Charles de Gaulle

What were the Evian Accords?

1962 treaty establishing Algeria's independence from France (Approved by French voters)

What country ruled Kenya?

The UK

What anti-colonial rebellion broke out in Kenya in 1952?

The Mau Mau rebellion

What were some of the major socialist governments in the post-war world?

USSR, Soviet-bloc Europe, Mongolia, North Korea, China, Cuba

What was a core component of "Sovietness"?

Emphasizing collective suffering

What does the "Thaw" refer to in the USSR?

Following Stalin's death in 1953, Nikita Khrushchev began to implement a small amount of liberalist ideas

What was the point of the American National Exhibition in Moscow?

To allow the US and the USSR to compare how they met consumer demands

What party emerged in China in 1949?

Mao Zedong's Communist Party

What developmental model did Mao Zedong follow?

The "Stalinist" developmental model

What was the "Great Leap Forward"?

Mao's unsuccessful economic program to increase China's agricultural and industrial output

What country controlled India?

Britain

What brought India into WWII?

The British Viceroy

What did Churchill and the UK do in response to Ghandi and Nehru's "Quit India" movement?

Imprisoned Ghandi and many other congress leaders.

What was the result of Indian independence?

The creation of a Muslim-majority Pakistan, and a Hindu-majority India

What country was created do to the geographical split of Pakistan?

Bangladesh

What was the Bandung convention?

A convention that brought together third-world representatives to "Unify the Third World"

What is the Bretton Woods System?

A monetary system in which the exchange rate of major currencies retained nearly the same value with respect to the US dollar. The US dollar was backed by the US' huge supply of gold

What was the International Monetary Fund? (IMF)

A cooperative international organization of 185 countries intended to stabilize the exchange of currencies and the world economy.

What caused the end of the Bretton Woods system?

The US did not have enough gold to meet foreign claims on American gold reserves at the price of $35 an ounce

What transformation did the International Monetary Fund have after the dissolution of the Bretton Woods system?

They shifted to resolving financial crises

What was the North American Free Trade Agreement? (NAFTA)

A trade agreement between the US, Mexico, and Canada that reduced tariffs and trade barriers, with the aim of producing cheaper and better-made goods for consumers

When was Apartheid enacted?

In 1948 by the White Afrikaner-dominated National Party

When was Nelson Mandela imprisoned?

1962

When was Nelson Mandela released from prison?

1990, leading to the slow end of Apartheid

What caused the genocide in Yugoslavia?

Civil war

What group in Rwanda conducted the genocide of the Tutsi people?

The Hutu

What is Zionism?

The movement for Jews to have a homeland in Israel.