pharmacology of the reproductive system

what is the function of Gonadotropin releasing hormones in the body?

stimulate the release of gonadotropic hormones (LH and FSH). it is activated at puberty, and is necessary for reproductive function. In females, it facilitates sexual displays/behavior and ovulation.

what is gonadorelin?

synthetic GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone)

what is the name for the synthetic GnRH that we can use in veterinary medicine? what do we use it for?

Gonadorelin

used during anestrus for inducing ovulation.

can treat ovarian cysts.

also used to synchronize oestrus.

what hormones can we administer exogenously to aid in synchronizing oestrus in animals?

Gonadorelin (GnRH analogue)

eCG

PGF2a (dinoprost, tiaprost, carboprost)

what is eCG? what can we use it for?

equine chorionic gonadotropin, also known as pregnant mare serum gonadotropin. it is similar to FSH, and is secreted by the equine placenta to stimulate follicular growth and estrogen production.

it can be used instead of FSH for estrus synchronization programs and for stimulating estrus.

what is HCG? what do we use it for in veterinary medicine?

human chorionic gonadotropin

it is similar to LH, with potent effects. it contributes to the last phase of maturation of the follicle and triggers its ovulation. it also contributes to the clot after ovulation becoming the corpus luteum.

in veterinary medicine, it is one of the most commonly used drugs for inducing ovulation. it can also treat ovarian cysts in cattle

which hormone is commonly used to induce ovulation in many animal species?

HCG (Human chorionic gonadotropin)

what is oxytocin (OT)?

an endogenous hormone from the pituitary gland that causes myometrium contracting and generates pressure for pushing milk towards the excretory ducts and teats.

we can use as an injection to stimulate milk release, induce uterine contraction (for labor, expulsion or uterine fluid or fetal membranes), treat mastitis or agalactia.

in small animals, it can be used intranasally to stimulate maternal bonding and behavior post partum

what hormone can we administer intranasally to small animals immediately after the postpartum period to stimulate maternal behavior and bonding?

oxytocin (OT)

what is exogenous oxytocin used for in veterinary medicine?

we can use as an injection to stimulate milk release, induce uterine contraction (for labor, expulsion or uterine fluid or fetal membranes), treat mastitis or agalactia.

in small animals, it can be used intranasally to stimulate maternal bonding and behavior post partum

what hormone can we use to stimulate milk release, treat mastitis or agalactia, or induce uterine contractions?

oxytocin

what are androgens (testosterone), and what is its clinical use in the veterinary field?

male sex hormones necessary for the growth and development of male sex organs.

they also help to grow muscle and bone.

in veterinary medicine, it can be used to treat urinary incontinence in dogs and increase libido and fertility. however, it is not commonly used.

what hormone can we use in male dogs to increase libido and fertility?

androgens (testosterone)

what hormone might we use to treat a male dog with urinary incontinence?

androgens (testosterone)

what is estrogen? what can we use it for clinically?

it is the primary female sex hormone that is necessary for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics.

it inhibits ovulation, increases uterine tone, and proliferates the endometrium. it can also cause abortions.

before prostaglandins were available for veterinary use, we used estrogen for luteolysis and the therapy of anestrus, fetal mummification, fetal maceration, myometra, and metritis in cattle. however, it is now banned in food animals because it has carcinogenic potential for humans.

now, it is just used for urinary incontinence in spayed female dogs.

before prostaglandins were available for veterinary use, we used _______ for luteolysis and the therapy of anestrus, fetal mummification, fetal maceration, myometra, and metritis in cattle. however, it is now banned in food animals because it has carcinogenic potential for humans.

estrogens

what hormone might we administer to a spayed female dog with urinary incontinence?

estrogen (estradiol)

what is progesterone?

a steroid hormone released by the corpus luteum that stimulates the uterus and mammary glands to prepare for pregnancy.

it is involved in ovulation, implantation, pregnancy maintenance, and lactation.

clinically, we can use it to block estrus and ovulation and promote new follicle growth. also used to reduce uterine contractions in pregnancy.

what might we use progesterone for exogenously in veterinary medicine?

block estrus and ovulation and promote new follicle growth.

reducing uterine contractions during pregnancy

what hormone can we administer to a pregnant female to reduce uterine contractions?

progesterone

the long term administration of what hormone can be useful in blocking estrus and ovulation and promoting new follicle growth?

progesterone

what are dinoprost, tiaprost, and carboprost?

PGF2a (prostaglandin) analogues.

naturally, PGF2a is produces in the endometrium to regulate reproductive cycles and parturition. it is luteolytic- lysis of the corpeus luteum. it increases uterine contractions at parturition

what hormone might be used to induce contractions of the uterus during pregnancy?

PGF2a analogues: dinoprost, tiaprost, and carboprost.

what are the uses of PGF2a analogues (dinoprost, tiaprost, and carboprost) in veterinary medicine?

synchronizing estrus in horses and cattle

termination of pregnancy

expulsion of uterine contents in pathologies (ex: pyometra)

what hormone might we use to terminate a pregnancy in an animal?

PGF2a analogues (dinoprost, tiaprost, and carboprost) in veterinary medicine