PART 4- HACKER IELTS READING

REBAR (N)

steel in the form of bars or a mesh (= wires that cross over each other), put inside concrete to make it stronger:

PLANKTON (N)

very small plants and animals that float on the surface of the sea and on which other sea animals feed:

mangrove

a tropical tree, found near water, whose twisted roots grow partly above ground:

MORH (V)

= CHNAGE, TRASNFER

to gradually change, or change someone or something, from one thing to another:

OVERRUN (V)

= BE FILLED WITH

If unwanted people or things overrun, they fill a place quickly and in large numbers:

PARROTFISH (N)

CÁ VẸT

LARVAE (N)

a form of an insect or an animal such as a frog that has left its egg but has not yet developed into a pupa or adult insect or animal

LARVAL (A)

relating to a form of an insect or an animal such as a frog that has left its egg but is not yet completely developed:

TERMITE (n0

a small tropical insect that eats wood

MOUND (N)

a large pile of earth, stones, etc. like a small hill:

IMITATE (V)

to behave in a similar way to someone or something else, or to copy the speech or behaviour, etc. of someone or something

IMITATION (N)

= FALSE, COPY, FAKE

made to look like something else:

IMITATIVE OF (ADJ)

copying someone or something:

BREEZE (N)

= WIND

a light and pleasant wind:

HARSH (ADJ)

= severe, strict, rough, and cruel

unpleasant, unkind, cruel, or more severe than is necessary:

HARSH (ADJ)

too strong, bright, loud, etc.:

ENDURE (V)

= EXPERINCE, PUT UP WITH

to suffer something difficult, unpleasant, or painful:

ENDURANCE (N)

= stamina, fortitude, staying power, perseverance, and tolerance

the ability to keep doing something difficult, unpleasant, or painful for a long time:

respiration (n)

breathing

RESPIRATOR (N)

a device worn over the mouth and nose to prevent harmful substances from being breathed in:

PORE (N)

a very small hole in the skin of people or other animals, or a similar hole on the surface of plants or rocks:

CHARIOT

a two-wheeled vehicle that was used in ancient times for racing and fighting and was pulled by a horse or horses

SADDLE (N)

a seat on a bicycle, motorcycle, etc.:

SADDLE (N)

a leather seat on a horse:

AXLE (N)

a bar connected to the centre of a circular object such as a wheel that allows or causes it to turn, especially one connecting two wheels of a vehicle

TROOP

= MILITARY, SOLDIER

soldiers on duty in a large group:

NAVIGATE (V)

transport

to direct the way that a ship, aircraft, etc. will travel, or to find a direction across, along, or over an area of water or land, often by using a map:

NAVIGATION (N)

he skill or the process of planning a route for a ship or other vehicle and taking it there

ORIENT (V)

to direct somebody/something towards something; to make or adapt somebody/something for a particular purpose

ERRAND

a job that you do for somebody that involves going somewhere to take a message, to buy something, deliver goods, etc.

OPTIMISE (V)

= improve, enhance, and maximize

to make something as good as it can be; to use something in the best possible way

→ to optimize the use of resources

OPTIMIZATION (N)

the process of making something as good or effective as possible:

ALL-TIME (ADJ)

An all-time high, low, best, etc. is the highest, lowest, best, etc. level that has ever been:

VERSATILE (ADJ)

= FLEXIBLE, MULTIFACETED, ADAPTABLE

able to change easily from one activity to another or able to be used for many different purposes:

MULTIFACETED (ADJ)

having many different parts or sides:

PLACEBO (N)

a substance given to someone who is told that it is a particular medicine, either to make that person feel as if they are getting better or to compare the effect of the particular medicine when given to others:

PHARMACOLOGY (N)

the study of medicines and drugs, including their action, their use, and their effects on the body

EXCLUSIVE (ADJ)

limited to only one person or group of people:

= ONLY, SOLELY

DEGRADE (V)

[ LOSE RESPECT]

to cause people to feel that they or other people have no value and do not have the respect or good opinion of others:

DEGRADE (V)

= DAMAGE

to spoil or destroy the beauty or quality of something:

SUBSIST (V)

= EXIST, SURVIVE

to get enough food or money to stay alive, but no more:

TEAR DOWN (PHRASAL VERB)

= DESTROY, DEMOLISH

to intentionally destroy a building or other structure because it is not being used or it is not wanted any more:

FORMIDABLE (ADJ)

causing you to have fear or respect for something or someone because that thing or person is large, powerful, or difficult:

= impressively large, powerful, intense, or capable

NONETHELESS (ADV)

= HOWEVER, NEVERTHELESS

despite what has just been said or done:

BOAST (V)

= BE PROUD OF/ TAKE IN PRIDE IN

to speak too proudly or happily about what you have done or what you own:

BEYOND/ OUTSIDE THE SCOPE OF ….

a topic, task, or question falls beyond the established boundaries, limits, or area of responsibility of a specific project, discussion, or study

RIVAL (N)

= CHALLENGER, COMPETITOR, CONTENDER

a person, group, etc. competing with others for the same thing or in the same area:

RIVALRY (N)

= COMPETITION, CONTENTION

a situation in which people, businesses, etc. compete with each other for the same thing:

DWINDLE TO (V)

to become smaller in size or amount, or fewer in number:

ANTAGONISM (N)

hate, extreme unfriendliness, or active opposition to someone: