Undergrad Rounds: Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)

The injury to bundle of nerve fibers that sends and receives signals from the brain. Damage can occur directly to the nerve fiber or surrounding tissue and bone, and depending on the location of the injury they can have varying effects. Majority are due to traumatic injuries.

Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

The type of spinal cord injury where some sensory and/or motor function is available below the injury due to partial damage or compression. Recovery potential is much better in this type. 

Complete Spinal Cord Injury

The type of spinal cord injury where there is no sensory or motor function below the injury due to the full transection or severe compression. Recovery potential is much more limited. 

Paraplegia

The paralysis of both legs and lower body due to damage in the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral regions of the spinal cord. Individuals may retain some control over their upper body and arms. 

Tetreaplegia

The paralysis of all four limbs due to damage occurring in the cervical region of the spinal cord. Individuals may have limited or no control over their upper body, chest, and diaphragm. 

Treatment for Spinal Cord Injury

The focus of treatment is to prevent further degradation of the motor axons. Acute treatments involve surgery or methylprednisolone, while long-term treatments involve physical rehabilitation. Treatments in development involve electrical stimulation, neural interface systems, and stem cell therapies.